Exam 5: A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Teenagers who believe in the "personal fable" are especially likely to be cautious individuals and to avoid taking risks.

According to Piaget young children's thought is ____________________.

In Piaget's terminology, a ____________________ sometimes gets assimilated and sometimes gets accommodated.

According to Piaget, a child constructs new mental processes as he or she interacts with the environment. The following terms represent core cognitive processes in Piaget's theory: schemata, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibrium. Define each term and identify which one of the processes best represents the following two scenarios:

Red-green color blindness depends on a recessive gene on the X chromosome. Red-green color blindness is therefore more common in ____________________ than in ____________________.

Selective attrition is a greater problem with longitudinal research than with cross-sectional research.

A researcher wishing to study the effects of attachment style in infancy on friendship formation in kindergarten MUST use a longitudinal research design.

____________________ twins develop from a single fertilized egg (zygote) and therefore have identical genes.

The last of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is the ____________________.

There are a number of research design methods that are employed to study human development. Briefly define the following types of research design methods: cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential designs. Give one example of a weakness of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs and explain how a sequential design attempts to address these limitations.

If monozygotic twins resemble each other on some dimension more than dizygotic twins do, researchers generally conclude there is a genetic basis for that dimension.

A ____________________ is a group of people born at a particular time or a group of people who enter an organization at a particular time.

Tommy tells his mom about an event at preschool in a way that assumes his mom knows what he is talking about. Developmental psychologists would describe Tommy's thinking as egocentric.

An adolescent's concern with decisions about the future and the quest for self-understanding has been called an ____________________.

A mother gives birth to a pair of twins: one boy and one girl. These twins must be dizygotic.

Assimilation means applying an old schema to new objects or problems.

A research design that combines the advantages of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs is known as ____________________.

An indifferent parenting style causes children to be impulsive and out-of-control.

Psychologists say that a young child lacks, but gradually develops, ____________________, which is an understanding that other people have a mind too and that each person knows some things that other people don't know.

To understand the effects of genes on physical characteristics and behavior, one has to understand the difference between dominant and recessive genes. Define the terms "dominant" and "recessive" in terms of genes. Based on your understanding of genetics, state what color eyes you would have if you had one gene for brown eyes and one gene for blue eyes and explain why?