Question 1

Roll two dice;record the smaller number.

Accepted Answer

A) {1,2,3,4,5,6},not equally likely 
B) {1,2,3,4,5},equally likely 
C) {0,1,2,3,4,5},equally likely 
D) {1,2,3,4,5,6},equally likely 
E) {1,2,3,4,5},not equally likely 
A) {1,2,3,4,5,6},not equally likely 
B) {1,2,3,4,5},equally likely 
C) {0,1,2,3,4,5},equally likely 
D) {1,2,3,4,5,6},equally likely 
E) {1,2,3,4,5},not equally likely

Question 2

An auto insurance company was interested in investigating accident rates for drivers in different age groups.The following table was based on a random sample of drivers and classifies drivers by age group and accident rate.  
Suppose one of these people is selected at random.Compute the probability that the person has had more than one accident in the past three years.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.232 
B) 0.240 
C) 0.061 
D) 0.025 
E) 0.301 
A) 0.232 
B) 0.240 
C) 0.061 
D) 0.025 
E) 0.301

Question 3

Of the coffee makers sold in an appliance store,6.0% have either a faulty switch or a defective cord,2.4% have a faulty switch,and 0.3% have both defects.What percent of the coffee makers will have a defective cord?

Accepted Answer

A) 97.6% 
B) 6.0% 
C) 3.9% 
D) 6.3% 
E) 2.7% 
A) 97.6% 
B) 6.0% 
C) 3.9% 
D) 6.3% 
E) 2.7%

Question 4

An auto insurance company was interested in investigating accident rates for drivers in different age groups.The following contingency table was based on a random sample of drivers and classifies drivers by age group and number of accidents in the past three years.  
If one of these drivers is selected at random,find the probability that the person has had no accidents in the last three years or is younger than 25.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.935 
B) 0.138 
C) 0.594 
D) 0.196 
E) 0.797 
A) 0.935 
B) 0.138 
C) 0.594 
D) 0.196 
E) 0.797

Question 5

According to a survey in one U.S.city,49% of women between the ages and 25 of 35 are married,47% are working full time,and 21% are married and working full time.If a woman between the ages of 25 and 35 is picked at random from the city,what is the probability that she is working full time or married but not both?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.79 
B) 0.25 
C) 0.75 
D) 0.54 
E) 0.96 
A) 0.79 
B) 0.25 
C) 0.75 
D) 0.54 
E) 0.96

Question 6

The following contingency table provides a joint frequency distribution for a group of retired people by career and age at retirement.  
Find the probability that the person was a secretary or retired before the age of 61.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.465 
B) 0.286 
C) 0.090 
D) 0.555 
E) 0.414 
A) 0.465 
B) 0.286 
C) 0.090 
D) 0.555 
E) 0.414

Question 7

A survey of senior citizens at a doctor's office shows that 45% take blood pressure-lowering medication,41% take cholesterol-lowering medication,and 14% take both medications.What is the probability that a senior citizen takes either blood pressure-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medication?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.18 
B) 0.72 
C) 0 
D) 1 
E) 0.86 
A) 0.18 
B) 0.72 
C) 0 
D) 1 
E) 0.86

Question 8

When a weather forecaster predicts a 20% chance of thunderstorms,is this an empirical probability,theoretical probability,or personal probability?

Accepted Answer

A) Theoretical probability. 
B) Empirical probability. 
C) Personal probability. 
D) None of the above. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Theoretical probability. 
B) Empirical probability. 
C) Personal probability. 
D) None of the above. 
E) All of the above.

Question 9

Many stores run "secret sales": Shoppers receive cards that determine how large a discount they get,but the percentage is revealed by scratching off that black stuff only after the purchase has been totaled at the cash register.The store is required to reveal (in the fine print)the distribution of discounts available.Determine whether the following probability assignment is legitimate.
Probability of ...

Accepted Answer

A) Legitimate 
B) Not legitimate 
A) Legitimate 
B) Not legitimate

Question 10

Pick 5 cards from a standard deck without replacement;record the number of eights.

Accepted Answer

A) {0,1,2,3,4},not equally likely 
B) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},equally likely 
C) {0,1,2,3,4,5},not equally likely 
D) {1,2,3,4},not equally likely 
E) {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},equally likely 
A) {0,1,2,3,4},not equally likely 
B) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},equally likely 
C) {0,1,2,3,4,5},not equally likely 
D) {1,2,3,4},not equally likely 
E) {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},equally likely

Question 11

Roll two dice;record the positive difference.

Accepted Answer

A) {0,6},not equally likely 
B) {0,1,2,3,4,5},not equally likely 
C) {1,2,3,4,5,6},equally likely 
D) {0,1,2,3,4,5},equally likely 
E) {1,2,3,4,5,6},not equally likely 
A) {0,6},not equally likely 
B) {0,1,2,3,4,5},not equally likely 
C) {1,2,3,4,5,6},equally likely 
D) {0,1,2,3,4,5},equally likely 
E) {1,2,3,4,5,6},not equally likely

Question 12

A random spinner can land on red,green,blue,or yellow.If on the first three spins it lands once each on red,green,and yellow,is it more likely to land on blue on the fourth spin?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes,because every color is equally likely to occur. 
B) Yes,because the Probability Assignment Rule dictates that all outcomes should occur. 
C) No,because the spins are disjoint events. 
D) Yes,because the spinner shows randomness,not chaos. 
E) No,because knowing one outcome will not affect the next. 
A) Yes,because every color is equally likely to occur. 
B) Yes,because the Probability Assignment Rule dictates that all outcomes should occur. 
C) No,because the spins are disjoint events. 
D) Yes,because the spinner shows randomness,not chaos. 
E) No,because knowing one outcome will not affect the next.

Question 13

A consumer organization estimates that 35% of the households in a particular community have one television set,36% have two sets,and 24% have three or more sets.What is the probability that a household chosen at random has no television sets?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.05 
B) 0.09 
C) 0 
D) 0.95 
E) 0.11 
A) 0.05 
B) 0.09 
C) 0 
D) 0.95 
E) 0.11

Question 14

The contingency table below provides a joint frequency distribution for a random sample of patients at a hospital classified by blood type and sex.  
If a person is selected at random from the sample,find the probability that the person has blood type A and is female.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.746 
B) 0.590 
C) 0.244 
D) 0.990 
E) 0.422 
A) 0.746 
B) 0.590 
C) 0.244 
D) 0.990 
E) 0.422

Question 15

Many stores run "secret sales": Shoppers receive cards that determine how large a discount they get,but the percentage is revealed by scratching off that black stuff only after the purchase has been totaled at the cash register.The store is required to reveal (in the fine print)the distribution of discounts available.Determine whether the following probability assignment is legitimate.
Probability of ...

Accepted Answer

A) Legitimate 
B) Not legitimate 
A) Legitimate 
B) Not legitimate

Question 16

The table below describes the smoking habits of a group of asthma sufferers.  
If one of the 1,034 subjects is randomly selected,find the probability that the person chosen is a female nonsmoker.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.380 
B) 0.540 
C) 0.551 
D) 0.849 
E) 0.704 
A) 0.380 
B) 0.540 
C) 0.551 
D) 0.849 
E) 0.704

Question 17

According to a survey conducted by an environmental organization,the probability that an eligible voter cares strongly about environmental issues is 0.57,the probability that an eligible voter votes regularly is 0.46 and the probability that an eligible voter both votes regularly and care strongly about environmental issues is 0.28.If an eligible voter is selected at random what is the probability that the person cares strongly about environmental issues but does not vote regularly?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.11 
B) 0.01 
C) 0.57 
D) 0.29 
E) 0.72 
A) 0.11 
B) 0.01 
C) 0.57 
D) 0.29 
E) 0.72

Question 18

In a survey of women who were asked to name their favorite colour,17% said blue,18% said red,18% said green,14% said yellow,and 11% said black.If you pick a survey participant at random,what is the probability that her favorite colour is not red?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.72 
B) 0.82 
C) 0.18 
D) 0.8 
E) 0.60 
A) 0.72 
B) 0.82 
C) 0.18 
D) 0.8 
E) 0.60

Question 19

Melissa is looking for the perfect man.She claims that of the men at her college,36% are smart,26% are funny,and 13% are both smart and funny.If Melissa is right,what is the probability that a man chosen at random from her college is neither funny nor smart?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 0.87 
C) 0.64 
D) 0.51 
E) 0.38 
A) 0 
B) 0.87 
C) 0.64 
D) 0.51 
E) 0.38

Question 20

In a business class,40% of the students have never taken a statistics class,15% have taken only one semester of statistics,and the rest have taken two or more semesters of statistics.The professor randomly assigns students to groups of three to work on a project for the course.What is the probability that the first group mate you meet has studied two or more semesters of statistics?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.55 
B) 0.85 
C) 0.15 
D) 0.45 
E) 0.60 
A) 0.55 
B) 0.85 
C) 0.15 
D) 0.45 
E) 0.60

Exam 13: From Randomness to Probability

Roll two dice;record the smaller number.

Of the coffee makers sold in an appliance store,6.0% have either a faulty switch or a defective cord,2.4% have a faulty switch,and 0.3% have both defects.What percent of the coffee makers will have a defective cord?

The following contingency table provides a joint frequency distribution for a group of retired people by career and age at retirement. Find the probability that the person was a secretary or retired before the age of 61.

A survey of senior citizens at a doctor's office shows that 45% take blood pressure-lowering medication,41% take cholesterol-lowering medication,and 14% take both medications.What is the probability that a senior citizen takes either blood pressure-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medication?

When a weather forecaster predicts a 20% chance of thunderstorms,is this an empirical probability,theoretical probability,or personal probability?

Pick 5 cards from a standard deck without replacement;record the number of eights.

Roll two dice;record the positive difference.

A random spinner can land on red,green,blue,or yellow.If on the first three spins it lands once each on red,green,and yellow,is it more likely to land on blue on the fourth spin?

A consumer organization estimates that 35% of the households in a particular community have one television set,36% have two sets,and 24% have three or more sets.What is the probability that a household chosen at random has no television sets?

The contingency table below provides a joint frequency distribution for a random sample of patients at a hospital classified by blood type and sex. If a person is selected at random from the sample,find the probability that the person has blood type A and is female.

The table below describes the smoking habits of a group of asthma sufferers. If one of the 1,034 subjects is randomly selected,find the probability that the person chosen is a female nonsmoker.

In a survey of women who were asked to name their favorite colour,17% said blue,18% said red,18% said green,14% said yellow,and 11% said black.If you pick a survey participant at random,what is the probability that her favorite colour is not red?

Melissa is looking for the perfect man.She claims that of the men at her college,36% are smart,26% are funny,and 13% are both smart and funny.If Melissa is right,what is the probability that a man chosen at random from her college is neither funny nor smart?

Data

Displaying and Describing Categorical Data

Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data

Understanding and Comparing Distributions

The Standard Deviation As a Ruler and the Normal Model

Scatterplots, association, and Correlation

Linear Regression

Regression Wisdom

Re-Expressing Data: Get It Straight

Understanding Randomness

Sample Surveys

Experiments and Observational Surveys

Probability Rules

Random Variables

Probability Models

Sampling Distribution Models

Confidence Intervals for Proportions

Testing Hypotheses About Proportions

More About Tests

Comparing Two Proportions

Inferences About Means

Comparing Means

Paired Samples and Blocks

Comparing Counts

Inferences for Regression

Analysis of Variance

Multifactor Analysis of Variance

Multiple Regression

Multiple Regression Wisdom

Rank-Based Nonparametric Tests

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