Exam 18: Chemistry of the Environment

As one gains altitude in the atmosphere,based on the ionization energies shown below,which sequence of mole fractions is the correct one? Process Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) N₂ + hν → N₂⁺ + e^- 1495 O₂ + hν → O₂⁺ + e^- 1205 O + hν → O⁺ + e^- 1313 NO + hν → NO⁺ + e^- 890

When dealing with gases,the mass fraction and the mole fraction are the same.

Components of Air Mole Fraction Nitrogen 0.781 Oxygen 0.209 Argon 0.010 What is the partial pressure or oxygen (in torr)in the atmosphere when the atmospheric pressure is 755.0 torr?

To produce acceptable quality drinking water from seawater by desalination,the level of salt must be reduced ________ fold.

The pressure of the atmosphere ________.

Why does ozone not form in high concentrations in the atmosphere above 50 km?

The concentration of Na in seawater is 0.470 M.How many grams of Na can be extracted from 10.0 kg of seawater if the recovery rate is 60.0%?

The dividing line between the troposphere and stratosphere is known as the ________.

The salinity,density,and temperature of seawater varies with ________.

Sulfur released into the troposphere arises from both natural and human activity.What is the ratio of human to natural sources of sulfur compounds?

The C O bond dissociation energy in CO₂ is 799 kJ/mol.The maximum wavelength of electromagnetic radiation required to rupture this bond is ________.

THMs are ________.

The world's largest desalinization plant is in Saudi Arabia and uses the process of ________ to produce drinking water.

Cl atoms formed via photolysis of C-Cl bonds of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are particularly effective in destroying ozone at these altitudes because ________.

Why does the upper atmosphere contain only very little dissociated nitrogen?

Which one of the following substances found in the atmosphere will absorb radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum?

CO₂ from hydrocarbon combustion creates a major environmental problem that is described as ________.

Photoionization processes (e.g.,N₂ + hν → N₂⁺ + e^-)remove UV of < 150 nm.Which photoreaction is the principal absorber of UV in the 150-200 nm range in the upper atmosphere?

The contribution of ________ to acid rain is via the production of H₂SO_4.

List two of the three major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.