Question 1

Programmed learning can be effective in book form or in

Accepted Answer

A) a fixed ratio or fixed interval form. 
B) a computerized form. 
C) a latent or insight learning format. 
D) all of these. 
A) a fixed ratio or fixed interval form. 
B) a computerized form. 
C) a latent or insight learning format. 
D) all of these.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective feedback?

Accepted Answer

A) frequent 
B) immediate 
C) positive 
D) detailed 
A) frequent 
B) immediate 
C) positive 
D) detailed

Question 3

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

Accepted Answer

A) Albert Bandura 
B) B.F.Skinner 
C) John B.Watson 
D) Ivan Pavlov 
A) Albert Bandura 
B) B.F.Skinner 
C) John B.Watson 
D) Ivan Pavlov

Question 4

Six-year-old Mark watches his older brother doing his algebra homework.The main reason that Mark will be unable to model his brother's mathematical calculations will be because

Accepted Answer

A) Mark does not admire his older brother enough. 
B) Mark will not be reinforced by anyone if he works the math problems correctly. 
C) Mark is probably unable to reproduce the modeled behavior correctly. 
D) Mark did not pay enough attention to his brother's modeled behaviors. 
A) Mark does not admire his older brother enough. 
B) Mark will not be reinforced by anyone if he works the math problems correctly. 
C) Mark is probably unable to reproduce the modeled behavior correctly. 
D) Mark did not pay enough attention to his brother's modeled behaviors.

Question 5

Regarding latent learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B) Latent learning remains hidden until reinforcement is provided. 
C) Latent learning is directly associated with respondent conditioning. 
D) In humans,latent learning is related to higher-level abilities,such as anticipating future reward. 
A) Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B) Latent learning remains hidden until reinforcement is provided. 
C) Latent learning is directly associated with respondent conditioning. 
D) In humans,latent learning is related to higher-level abilities,such as anticipating future reward.

Question 6

Information about the effects of a particular response is called

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive branching. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) primary reinforcement. 
D) feedback. 
A) cognitive branching. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) primary reinforcement. 
D) feedback.

Question 7

Ashleigh,who is three,has learned that when she hears a truck pull into the driveway,it means that Daddy is home.This event of hearing the truck precedes Ashleigh's response of running to the door to see her Daddy and would be considered a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ashleigh,who is three,has learned that when she...

Question 8

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze,city,campus,etc. )that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive map. 
B) cognitive antecedent. 
C) eidetic image. 
D) non-operant response. 
A) cognitive map. 
B) cognitive antecedent. 
C) eidetic image. 
D) non-operant response.

Question 9

If you give an attractive classmate a ride home,you may make mental notes about how to get to his or her house,even if a date is only a remote future possibility.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) shaping. 
C) latent learning. 
D) discovery learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) shaping. 
C) latent learning. 
D) discovery learning.

Question 10

Compared to learning by rote,discovery learning

Accepted Answer

A) produces a better understanding of new problems. 
B) occurs more rapidly. 
C) requires less reinforcement. 
D) involves the observation and practice of new skills. 
A) produces a better understanding of new problems. 
B) occurs more rapidly. 
C) requires less reinforcement. 
D) involves the observation and practice of new skills.

Question 11

Regarding associative and cognitive learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning. 
B) Some animals besides humans do engage in simpler forms of cognitive learning. 
C) Associative learning requires relatively little awareness or thought. 
D) Humans share the important capacity for associative learning with many other species. 
A) Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning. 
B) Some animals besides humans do engage in simpler forms of cognitive learning. 
C) Associative learning requires relatively little awareness or thought. 
D) Humans share the important capacity for associative learning with many other species.

Question 12

Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In North America,Edward Thorndike discovered what is today called _______ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious 
B) operant 
C) classical 
D) cognitive 
A) vicarious 
B) operant 
C) classical 
D) cognitive

Question 14

Student pilots can learn all the ins and outs of flying a jumbo jet through a complex computer-assisted instructional (CAI)program that allows them to see the effects of their choices while flying under different weather conditions. These CAI programs are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning programs. 
B) acquisitional trainers. 
C) educational simulations. 
D) educational feedback loops. 
A) insight learning programs. 
B) acquisitional trainers. 
C) educational simulations. 
D) educational feedback loops.

Question 15

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) discovery learning. 
C) modeling. 
D) instrumental learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) discovery learning. 
C) modeling. 
D) instrumental learning.

Question 16

Events that precede a response are called consequences,while the effects that follow a response are called antecedents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding describe

Accepted Answer

A) rote learning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) vicarious reinforcement. 
D) discovery learning. 
A) rote learning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) vicarious reinforcement. 
D) discovery learning.

Question 18

At the beginning of Module 27,Larry's story about how he developed a fear of rats was presented.As an adult,Larry tried to conquer this irrational fear by understanding how phobias develop.However,when he tried to pet a rat at the pet store,his fear of rats resurfaced.Larry had discovered that all his abstract "book learning" was powerless to protect him in the presence of a rat.This abstract "book learning" that Larry attempted to use to conquer his fear would be considered a form of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) cognitive learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) cognitive learning.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)?

Accepted Answer

A) CAI can give hints about why an answer was wrong and what needs to be corrected. 
B) CAI can save teachers and learners much time and effort. 
C) People often do better with feedback from a computer because they can freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
D) CAI has been shown to lead to significantly higher levels of mastery than traditional methods. 
A) CAI can give hints about why an answer was wrong and what needs to be corrected. 
B) CAI can save teachers and learners much time and effort. 
C) People often do better with feedback from a computer because they can freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
D) CAI has been shown to lead to significantly higher levels of mastery than traditional methods.

Question 20

The long-term effects of experiencing violent media include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) imitation. 
B) catharsis of violent thoughts. 
C) vicarious traumatization. 
D) desensitization to violence. 
A) imitation. 
B) catharsis of violent thoughts. 
C) vicarious traumatization. 
D) desensitization to violence.

Exam 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Programmed learning can be effective in book form or in

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective feedback?

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

Six-year-old Mark watches his older brother doing his algebra homework.The main reason that Mark will be unable to model his brother's mathematical calculations will be because

Regarding latent learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Information about the effects of a particular response is called

Ashleigh,who is three,has learned that when she hears a truck pull into the driveway,it means that Daddy is home.This event of hearing the truck precedes Ashleigh's response of running to the door to see her Daddy and would be considered a(n) _______.

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze,city,campus,etc. )that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

If you give an attractive classmate a ride home,you may make mental notes about how to get to his or her house,even if a date is only a remote future possibility.This illustrates

Compared to learning by rote,discovery learning

Regarding associative and cognitive learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning.

In North America,Edward Thorndike discovered what is today called _______ conditioning.

Student pilots can learn all the ins and outs of flying a jumbo jet through a complex computer-assisted instructional (CAI)program that allows them to see the effects of their choices while flying under different weather conditions. These CAI programs are referred to as

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

Events that precede a response are called consequences,while the effects that follow a response are called antecedents.

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding describe

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)?

The long-term effects of experiencing violent media include all of the following EXCEPT

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia