Question 1

Learning that takes place through an association of stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) latent learning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 2

In a classic experiment,two groups of rats explored a maze with the first group being rewarded with food at the end of the maze,while the second group wandered the maze but were unrewarded and showed no signs of learning.Later,when the second group was rewarded with food at the end of the maze,this second group of "uneducated" rats

Accepted Answer

A) only then began to learn the maze. 
B) learned the maze but always showed a much slower completion time as compared to the first group. 
C) ran the maze as quickly as the first group. 
D) never learned the maze until numerous feeding trials were utilized. 
A) only then began to learn the maze. 
B) learned the maze but always showed a much slower completion time as compared to the first group. 
C) ran the maze as quickly as the first group. 
D) never learned the maze until numerous feeding trials were utilized.

Question 3

Typical TV viewers are exposed to massive doses of media violence,which tend to promote the development of aggression due to

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning. 
B) increased frustration. 
C) positive transfer. 
D) negative transfer. 
A) observational learning. 
B) increased frustration. 
C) positive transfer. 
D) negative transfer.

Question 4

A behavior that is learned by modeling or observation must be maintained by

Accepted Answer

A) repeated observations of the model. 
B) direct chaining of the behaviors. 
C) direct reinforcement or feedback of the behavior once it is modeled. 
D) positive transfer of the behavior to other new responses. 
A) repeated observations of the model. 
B) direct chaining of the behaviors. 
C) direct reinforcement or feedback of the behavior once it is modeled. 
D) positive transfer of the behavior to other new responses.

Question 5

Regarding associative learning,which of the following discovered what is now called operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) Albert Bandura 
C) Edward Thorndike 
D) John B.Watson 
A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) Albert Bandura 
C) Edward Thorndike 
D) John B.Watson

Question 6

Environmental psychologists have long known that a major barrier to conservation is a lack of

Accepted Answer

A) research on conservation issues. 
B) intrinsic motivation. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) prompt feedback. 
A) research on conservation issues. 
B) intrinsic motivation. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) prompt feedback.

Question 7

Operant conditioning is based on

Accepted Answer

A) the consequences of making a response. 
B) what happens before we respond. 
C) an association between two reflexes. 
D) an association between stimuli. 
A) the consequences of making a response. 
B) what happens before we respond. 
C) an association between two reflexes. 
D) an association between stimuli.

Question 8

Compared to learning through direct experience or verbal instruction,modeling involves learning by

Accepted Answer

A) suffering the consequences for our actions. 
B) exploring problems and situations. 
C) breaking down larger tasks into their components. 
D) watching others. 
A) suffering the consequences for our actions. 
B) exploring problems and situations. 
C) breaking down larger tasks into their components. 
D) watching others.

Question 9

Wearing a tie less or not at all because you were teased and laughed at when you wore it illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) the effect of reinforcement. 
B) the effect of punishment. 
C) a conditioned response. 
D) an unconditioned response. 
A) the effect of reinforcement. 
B) the effect of punishment. 
C) a conditioned response. 
D) an unconditioned response.

Question 10

If you have ever learned your way through the various levels found in many video games,you have developed a cognitive map of the video game.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Regarding observational learning studies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Children cannot learn attitudes,fears,emotions,or personality traits through modeling. 
B) Observational learning prepares a person to duplicate a response. 
C) Children who witness domestic violence are more likely to commit it themselves as adults. 
D) An adolescent is more likely to begin smoking if his or her parents,siblings,and friends smoke. 
A) Children cannot learn attitudes,fears,emotions,or personality traits through modeling. 
B) Observational learning prepares a person to duplicate a response. 
C) Children who witness domestic violence are more likely to commit it themselves as adults. 
D) An adolescent is more likely to begin smoking if his or her parents,siblings,and friends smoke.

Question 12

A puff of air will make your eye blink every time it hits your eye.If we sound a horn before each puff of air hits your eye several times,you will soon blink to the horn alone.Thus,blinking to the horn illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) an automatic,non-learned response. 
B) learning by consequences. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) an automatic,non-learned response. 
B) learning by consequences. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Bandura's classic Bo­Bo doll experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the children imitated the model's attack on the Bo­Bo doll. 
B) Some of the children added new aggressive acts toward the doll that were not performed by the model. 
C) The cartoon model was only slightly less effective in encouraging aggression than the live model and the filmed model. 
D) The children imitated the cartoon and live models of children,but did not imitiate the filmed adult models. 
A) Most of the children imitated the model's attack on the Bo­Bo doll. 
B) Some of the children added new aggressive acts toward the doll that were not performed by the model. 
C) The cartoon model was only slightly less effective in encouraging aggression than the live model and the filmed model. 
D) The children imitated the cartoon and live models of children,but did not imitiate the filmed adult models.

Question 14

Regarding associative learning,which of the following discovered classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) B.F.Skinner 
C) Edward Thorndike 
D) Albert Bandura 
A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) B.F.Skinner 
C) Edward Thorndike 
D) Albert Bandura

Question 15

Regarding programmed instruction,the most complex serious games,which allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" and to learn to solve real­world problems,are called educational _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding programmed instruction,the most complex serious games,which...

Question 16

Research has shown that watching a lot of violence on television may cause us to become

Accepted Answer

A) sensitized to violence. 
B) more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C) desensitized to violence. 
D) less violent. 
A) sensitized to violence. 
B) more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C) desensitized to violence. 
D) less violent.

Question 17

Professional football players watch hours of videos of their game performance analyzed by their coaches.This is an example of the use of which of the following to improve performance?

Accepted Answer

A) informational feedback 
B) mental imagery 
C) reward progression 
D) vicarious punishment 
A) informational feedback 
B) mental imagery 
C) reward progression 
D) vicarious punishment

Question 18

Memory,thinking,problem-solving,and the use of concepts,language,and feedback are all involved in

Accepted Answer

A) operant learning. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) response-dependent learning. 
D) cognitive learning. 
A) operant learning. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) response-dependent learning. 
D) cognitive learning.

Question 19

Regarding televised violence,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) In recent years,the violent crime rate among youth has significantly increased,even as the sale of violent video games has decreased. 
B) Younger children are more likely to be influenced by televised violence because they do not fully recognize that media characters and stories are fantasies. 
C) Experiencing media violence does not invariably "cause" any given person to become more aggressive but makes aggression more likely. 
D) Personality characteristics,family conflict,depression,and negative peer influences are factors that affect the chances that hostile thoughts will be turned into actions. 
A) In recent years,the violent crime rate among youth has significantly increased,even as the sale of violent video games has decreased. 
B) Younger children are more likely to be influenced by televised violence because they do not fully recognize that media characters and stories are fantasies. 
C) Experiencing media violence does not invariably "cause" any given person to become more aggressive but makes aggression more likely. 
D) Personality characteristics,family conflict,depression,and negative peer influences are factors that affect the chances that hostile thoughts will be turned into actions.

Question 20

After you finish reading this module in your textbook,you then complete the Knowledge Builder section.You work through the Recite questions one at a time,checking your answer before moving on.This format illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning 
B) a fixed interval scheduling 
C) programmed instruction 
D) vicarious learning 
A) insight learning 
B) a fixed interval scheduling 
C) programmed instruction 
D) vicarious learning

Exam 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Learning that takes place through an association of stimuli is called

Typical TV viewers are exposed to massive doses of media violence,which tend to promote the development of aggression due to

A behavior that is learned by modeling or observation must be maintained by

Regarding associative learning,which of the following discovered what is now called operant conditioning?

Environmental psychologists have long known that a major barrier to conservation is a lack of

Operant conditioning is based on

Compared to learning through direct experience or verbal instruction,modeling involves learning by

Wearing a tie less or not at all because you were teased and laughed at when you wore it illustrates

If you have ever learned your way through the various levels found in many video games,you have developed a cognitive map of the video game.

Regarding observational learning studies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A puff of air will make your eye blink every time it hits your eye.If we sound a horn before each puff of air hits your eye several times,you will soon blink to the horn alone.Thus,blinking to the horn illustrates

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Bandura's classic Bo­Bo doll experiment?

Regarding associative learning,which of the following discovered classical conditioning?

Regarding programmed instruction,the most complex serious games,which allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" and to learn to solve real­world problems,are called educational _______.

Research has shown that watching a lot of violence on television may cause us to become

Professional football players watch hours of videos of their game performance analyzed by their coaches.This is an example of the use of which of the following to improve performance?

Memory,thinking,problem-solving,and the use of concepts,language,and feedback are all involved in

Regarding televised violence,which of the following statements is FALSE?

After you finish reading this module in your textbook,you then complete the Knowledge Builder section.You work through the Recite questions one at a time,checking your answer before moving on.This format illustrates which of the following?

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Bandura's classic BoBo doll experiment?

Regarding programmed instruction,the most complex serious games,which allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" and to learn to solve realworld problems,are called educational _______.