Question 1

In programmed instruction,learners are prevented from practicing errors through

Accepted Answer

A) response cost. 
B) frequent feedback. 
C) the fixed interval scheduling. 
D) positive reinforcement. 
A) response cost. 
B) frequent feedback. 
C) the fixed interval scheduling. 
D) positive reinforcement.

Question 2

If you are making use of information-rich higher mental processes,such as organizing various research articles in writing your term paper,you are engaged in a complex form of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) cognitive learning. 
C) respondent learning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) cognitive learning. 
C) respondent learning. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 3

The best teaching strategies involve problem solving with enough direction from teachers so that students gain useful knowledge,while also providing enough freedom so students can actively think about these problems themselves.This technique is called

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) guided discovery. 
D) rote learning. 
A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) guided discovery. 
D) rote learning.

Question 4

The type of learning that involves higher mental processes,such as understanding,knowing,or anticipating is called _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of learning that involves higher...

Question 5

Forming a connection between the stimulus of seeing a particular food and the response of feeling nauseous would be a type of _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) insight 
B) associative 
C) vicarious 
D) cognitive 
A) insight 
B) associative 
C) vicarious 
D) cognitive

Question 6

Forming a connection between the stimulus of a dog growling at you and the response of fear would be a type of _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) insight 
B) associative 
C) vicarious 
D) cognitive 
A) insight 
B) associative 
C) vicarious 
D) cognitive

Question 7

Regarding children's exposure to the media,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Today's children and young adults spend less time in the classroom than they do engaged with various media, including television,video games,movies,the Internet,music,and print. 
B) By the time the average American has graduated from high school,she or he will have "witnessed" thousands of murders and countless acts of robbery,arson,bombing,torture,and beatings in the media. 
C) G-rated cartoons average 30 minutes of violence per hour. 
D) Experiencing media violence does not invariably "cause" any given person to become more aggressive,but it can make aggression more likely. 
A) Today's children and young adults spend less time in the classroom than they do engaged with various media, including television,video games,movies,the Internet,music,and print. 
B) By the time the average American has graduated from high school,she or he will have "witnessed" thousands of murders and countless acts of robbery,arson,bombing,torture,and beatings in the media. 
C) G-rated cartoons average 30 minutes of violence per hour. 
D) Experiencing media violence does not invariably "cause" any given person to become more aggressive,but it can make aggression more likely.

Question 8

Which of the following types of learning extends beyond basic conditioning into the realms of memory,thinking,problem solving,and language?

Accepted Answer

A) operant learning 
B) instrumental learning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) Pavlovian cognition 
A) operant learning 
B) instrumental learning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) Pavlovian cognition

Question 9

In a recent study,college students played either a violent action game (Conan)or a a nonviolent racing game (Fuel)with both games being equally competitive,difficult,and fast-paced.The college students were then given the opportunity to aggress against their competitor.Which of the following was one of the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A) The college students who played the violent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
B) The college students who played the nonviolent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
C) The college students who played the violent game were no more likely to be aggressive than those who played the nonviolent game. 
D) No aggression toward other players was shown by any of the game players. 
A) The college students who played the violent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
B) The college students who played the nonviolent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
C) The college students who played the violent game were no more likely to be aggressive than those who played the nonviolent game. 
D) No aggression toward other players was shown by any of the game players.

Question 10

People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI

Accepted Answer

A) is more accurate than traditional instruction. 
B) allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
C) reinforces on a fixed ratio schedule rather than a fixed interval schedule. 
D) provides a consistent format of behavioral contracting. 
A) is more accurate than traditional instruction. 
B) allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
C) reinforces on a fixed ratio schedule rather than a fixed interval schedule. 
D) provides a consistent format of behavioral contracting.

Question 11

In an experiment,the discovery learning group of students was encouraged to see that a "piece" of parallelogram could be "moved" to create a rectangle,while the rote learning group memorized the height times base formula. The results of the experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) the discovery learning group performed better on the unusual problems. 
B) the rote learning group performed better on the unusual problems. 
C) both groups performed exceptionally well on the unusual problems. 
D) both groups performed poorly on the unusual problems. 
A) the discovery learning group performed better on the unusual problems. 
B) the rote learning group performed better on the unusual problems. 
C) both groups performed exceptionally well on the unusual problems. 
D) both groups performed poorly on the unusual problems.

Question 12

The programmed instruction that is called drill-and-practice is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) REBT. 
B) EMDR. 
C) CAI. 
D) AFT. 
A) REBT. 
B) EMDR. 
C) CAI. 
D) AFT.

Question 13

Using a computer or playing a musical instrument can occur in the absence of obvious,tangible reinforcers,such as a food reward,because of the adaptive value of feedback.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

G-rated cartoons average how many minutes of violence per hour?

Accepted Answer

A) less than five minutes 
B) 10 minutes 
C) 20 minutes 
D) 30 minutes 
A) less than five minutes 
B) 10 minutes 
C) 20 minutes 
D) 30 minutes

Question 15

In which type of associative learning are the antecedents the most important aspect for the learning to take place?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) instrumental learning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) instrumental learning

Question 16

Compare the efficiency of discovery learning to rote learning,including the results of an experiment,which involved calculating the area of a parallelogram.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that rote learning i

Question 17

In a classic experiment,two groups of rats explored a maze with the first group being rewarded with food at the end of the maze,while the second group wandered the maze but were unrewarded and showed no signs of learning.But later,when the "uneducated" rats were given food,they ran the maze as quickly as the rewarded group.The unrewarded animals had nevertheless learned their way around the maze because

Accepted Answer

A) just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B) the rats were classically conditioned to the food reward. 
C) the second group of rats had learned vicariously from the first group of rats. 
D) just social reinforcement can be enough to encourage learning in all mammals. 
A) just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B) the rats were classically conditioned to the food reward. 
C) the second group of rats had learned vicariously from the first group of rats. 
D) just social reinforcement can be enough to encourage learning in all mammals.

Question 18

A beginning auto mechanic carefully observes a skilled mechanic perform a complex tune-up on a foreign car for the first time.What is the most likely reason that this beginning auto mechanic will be unable to perform this tune- up completely on his own?

Accepted Answer

A) He did not observe the skilled mechanic in enough detail and did not ask enough questions. 
B) He is not really motivated to become a mechanic. 
C) He is unable to remember all the steps,having observed the procedure only once. 
D) He is not coordinated enough to reproduce the procedure. 
A) He did not observe the skilled mechanic in enough detail and did not ask enough questions. 
B) He is not really motivated to become a mechanic. 
C) He is unable to remember all the steps,having observed the procedure only once. 
D) He is not coordinated enough to reproduce the procedure.

Question 19

The most complex serious games allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" to learn to solve real-world problems.By seeing the effects of their choices,students discover basic principles in a variety of subjects.These complex serious games are called

Accepted Answer

A) token economies. 
B) educational simulations. 
C) latent learning exercises. 
D) educational feedback loops. 
A) token economies. 
B) educational simulations. 
C) latent learning exercises. 
D) educational feedback loops.

Question 20

For early psychologists,such as Ivan Pavlov,John Watson,and Edward Thorndike,which type of learning was a fairly mechanical process of "stamping in" connections between objective stimuli and objective responses with no subjective "thinking" believed to be required?

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning 
B) insight learning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) vicarious learning 
A) associative learning 
B) insight learning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) vicarious learning

Exam 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

In programmed instruction,learners are prevented from practicing errors through

If you are making use of information-rich higher mental processes,such as organizing various research articles in writing your term paper,you are engaged in a complex form of

The best teaching strategies involve problem solving with enough direction from teachers so that students gain useful knowledge,while also providing enough freedom so students can actively think about these problems themselves.This technique is called

The type of learning that involves higher mental processes,such as understanding,knowing,or anticipating is called _______ learning.

Forming a connection between the stimulus of seeing a particular food and the response of feeling nauseous would be a type of _______ learning.

Forming a connection between the stimulus of a dog growling at you and the response of fear would be a type of _______ learning.

Regarding children's exposure to the media,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following types of learning extends beyond basic conditioning into the realms of memory,thinking,problem solving,and language?

People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI

In an experiment,the discovery learning group of students was encouraged to see that a "piece" of parallelogram could be "moved" to create a rectangle,while the rote learning group memorized the height times base formula. The results of the experiment demonstrated that

The programmed instruction that is called drill-and-practice is also known as

Using a computer or playing a musical instrument can occur in the absence of obvious,tangible reinforcers,such as a food reward,because of the adaptive value of feedback.

G-rated cartoons average how many minutes of violence per hour?

In which type of associative learning are the antecedents the most important aspect for the learning to take place?

Compare the efficiency of discovery learning to rote learning,including the results of an experiment,which involved calculating the area of a parallelogram.

A beginning auto mechanic carefully observes a skilled mechanic perform a complex tune-up on a foreign car for the first time.What is the most likely reason that this beginning auto mechanic will be unable to perform this tune- up completely on his own?

The most complex serious games allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" to learn to solve real-world problems.By seeing the effects of their choices,students discover basic principles in a variety of subjects.These complex serious games are called

For early psychologists,such as Ivan Pavlov,John Watson,and Edward Thorndike,which type of learning was a fairly mechanical process of "stamping in" connections between objective stimuli and objective responses with no subjective "thinking" believed to be required?

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders