Question 1

In Russia,Ivan Pavlov discovered _______ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious 
B) operant 
C) classical 
D) cognitive 
A) vicarious 
B) operant 
C) classical 
D) cognitive

Question 2

Which of the following lets students work at their own pace and provides frequent feedback to keep learners from practicing errors?

Accepted Answer

A) programmed instruction 
B) latent learning 
C) variable interval scheduling 
D) vicarious learning 
A) programmed instruction 
B) latent learning 
C) variable interval scheduling 
D) vicarious learning

Question 3

Learning by consequences occurs during

Accepted Answer

A) respondent conditioning. 
B) insight learning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) respondent conditioning. 
B) insight learning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 4

Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Feedback is the key component of

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning. 
B) respondent conditioning. 
C) cognitive learning. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) associative learning. 
B) respondent conditioning. 
C) cognitive learning. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 6

At the beginning of Module 27,Larry's story about how he learned to fear rats was presented.Although Larry tried to use abstract "book learning" to conquer his fear of rats,he eventually went to a therapist who used a method based on which of the following types of learning to help Larry overcome his irrational fear of rats?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) insight learning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) cognitive learning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) insight learning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) cognitive learning

Question 7

In observational learning,the person who serves as an example for the observer is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) antecedent. 
B) instigator. 
C) model. 
D) exemplar. 
A) antecedent. 
B) instigator. 
C) model. 
D) exemplar.

Question 8

In studies that looked at the association between violent video games and aggressiveness,the researchers found that

Accepted Answer

A) the level of violence displayed in the video game was the determining factor in whether the participants showed aggression when given the chance. 
B) the competitiveness,difficulty,or pacing of a game may influence aggression levels just as much,if not more,than the violent content of the game. 
C) the violent video games actually sensitized the players so that they reacted negatively to the violence shown and were less likely to imitate it. 
D) only young children were influenced to imitate the violence with adolescents and adults not being significantly affected. 
A) the level of violence displayed in the video game was the determining factor in whether the participants showed aggression when given the chance. 
B) the competitiveness,difficulty,or pacing of a game may influence aggression levels just as much,if not more,than the violent content of the game. 
C) the violent video games actually sensitized the players so that they reacted negatively to the violence shown and were less likely to imitate it. 
D) only young children were influenced to imitate the violence with adolescents and adults not being significantly affected.

Question 9

Educational simulations allow students to explore an imaginary situation and are the most complex type of

Accepted Answer

A) serious games. 
B) token economies. 
C) latent learning exercises. 
D) educational feedback loops. 
A) serious games. 
B) token economies. 
C) latent learning exercises. 
D) educational feedback loops.

Question 10

In operant conditioning,the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Accepted Answer

A) antecedents. 
B) consequences. 
C) latent reflexes. 
D) punishers. 
A) antecedents. 
B) consequences. 
C) latent reflexes. 
D) punishers.

Question 11

Even though you do not plan to be a teacher,you make mental notes of the way your teacher handles the class or explains a certain topic because it might come in handy one day.These mental notes you are making illustrate

Accepted Answer

A) instrumental learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) covert conditioning. 
D) respondent conditioning. 
A) instrumental learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) covert conditioning. 
D) respondent conditioning.

Question 12

Which of the following types of learning consists of understanding,knowing,anticipating,and making use of information-rich higher mental processes?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) respondent learning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) operant conditioning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) respondent learning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) operant conditioning

Question 13

Regarding televised aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Repeated exposure to media violence may desensitize individuals,making them less likely to react negatively to violence and more prone to engage in it. 
B) Compared to its violent content,the competitiveness,difficulty,and pacing of a video game have been shown to have much less influence,if any,on the aggressiveness displayed by the players. 
C) In recent years,the violent crime rate among youth has declined even as sales of violent video games have risen. 
D) Until further research can more definitively disentangle several issues,the question of whether playing violent videogames triggers aggression towards others remains unresolved. 
A) Repeated exposure to media violence may desensitize individuals,making them less likely to react negatively to violence and more prone to engage in it. 
B) Compared to its violent content,the competitiveness,difficulty,and pacing of a video game have been shown to have much less influence,if any,on the aggressiveness displayed by the players. 
C) In recent years,the violent crime rate among youth has declined even as sales of violent video games have risen. 
D) Until further research can more definitively disentangle several issues,the question of whether playing violent videogames triggers aggression towards others remains unresolved.

Question 14

In changing people's behaviors to increase their conservation efforts,the use of energy taxes would increase the amount people pay to use fossil fuels,which would be a real world example of using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) latent learning 
C) insight learning 
D) punishment (response cost) 
A) classical conditioning 
B) latent learning 
C) insight learning 
D) punishment (response cost)

Question 15

Research findings on televised violence have found that TV violence will

Accepted Answer

A) cause any child to be significantly more aggressive. 
B) make aggressive behavior more likely for many children. 
C) increase aggression in the short-term during childhood,but will not affect the children when they become adults. 
D) vicariously lower aggressive urges for many children and adults. 
A) cause any child to be significantly more aggressive. 
B) make aggressive behavior more likely for many children. 
C) increase aggression in the short-term during childhood,but will not affect the children when they become adults. 
D) vicariously lower aggressive urges for many children and adults.

Question 16

By providing rebates for the purchase of energy efficient appliances or vehicles,conservation is being encouraged through

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) discriminative learning. 
C) cue learning. 
D) feedback. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) discriminative learning. 
C) cue learning. 
D) feedback.

Question 17

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) practice. 
C) response expectancies. 
D) cognitive shaping. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) practice. 
C) response expectancies. 
D) cognitive shaping.

Question 18

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Learning is a relatively permanent change in...

Question 19

A core assumption of early theories of associative learning was that learning did not require any thinking,or cognition.Animals,it was widely assumed,did not have "minds" and certainly could not "think" in anyway like humans do.A classic series of studies conducted in the 1930s at the University of California at Berkeley,began to challenge this assumption.These experiments that involved rats finding their way through mazes and which demonstrated latent learning were conducted by psychologist

Accepted Answer

A) Edward Tolman. 
B) B.F.Skinner. 
C) John B.Watson. 
D) Albert Bandura. 
A) Edward Tolman. 
B) B.F.Skinner. 
C) John B.Watson. 
D) Albert Bandura.

Question 20

If you wear a particular tie and get teased and laughed at,you are less likely to wear this tie again.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) an automatic,nonlearned response. 
B) learning by an association of stimuli. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) an automatic,nonlearned response. 
B) learning by an association of stimuli. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) classical conditioning.

Exam 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

In Russia,Ivan Pavlov discovered _______ conditioning.

Which of the following lets students work at their own pace and provides frequent feedback to keep learners from practicing errors?

Learning by consequences occurs during

Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning.

Feedback is the key component of

In observational learning,the person who serves as an example for the observer is referred to as the

In studies that looked at the association between violent video games and aggressiveness,the researchers found that

Educational simulations allow students to explore an imaginary situation and are the most complex type of

In operant conditioning,the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Even though you do not plan to be a teacher,you make mental notes of the way your teacher handles the class or explains a certain topic because it might come in handy one day.These mental notes you are making illustrate

Which of the following types of learning consists of understanding,knowing,anticipating,and making use of information-rich higher mental processes?

Regarding televised aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In changing people's behaviors to increase their conservation efforts,the use of energy taxes would increase the amount people pay to use fossil fuels,which would be a real world example of using which of the following?

Research findings on televised violence have found that TV violence will

By providing rebates for the purchase of energy efficient appliances or vehicles,conservation is being encouraged through

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to _______.

If you wear a particular tie and get teased and laughed at,you are less likely to wear this tie again.This illustrates

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders