Exam 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

A parent who relies heavily on the use of physical punishment for aggressive behavior in the home should be aware that this child-rearing practice is more likely to produce

Children who are punished often by parents or teachers

Mac is five years old,and his parents were using spanking as their only means of disciplining Mac.After each spanking,Mac grew increasingly angry and usually took it out on the dog or his two-year-old brother.A counselor suggested other punishment alternatives,such as time-out,as well as encouraging the parents to use praise and rewards more often when Mac was behaving appropriately.According to research,since Mac's parents have changed to less punitive parenting,Mac's level of aggression will most likely

Which schedule of reinforcement may have long periods of nonreward that make it harder to discriminate between periods of reinforcement and extinction?

In the textbook example regarding "Shaping a Teacher," psychology students would look interested in the teacher's lecture when she was standing on the right side of the room,and they would look bored when she was standing on the left side.The students were shaping the teacher's behavior using _______ reinforcers.

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

When Jason is scolded by his mother,he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention.For Jason,the scolding serves as a(n) _______.

As you enter the grocery store,your little daughter Marta spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it.According to the textbook,your best course of action would be to

Learning to make a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort is known as

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lose its effectiveness as a reinforcer for a child learning to do household chores?

Punishers,like reinforcers,are defined by

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

The schedule of reinforcement in which a set number of responses must be made for each reward is called

Intracranial self-stimulation is a very powerful reinforcer because it activates the same pleasure pathways in the brain that are activated by natural primary reinforcers.These pleasure pathways are located in which part of the brain?

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Punishment is LEAST effective in stopping a behavior when it is

The onset of an unpleasant event that reduces a target behavior is referred to a negative punishment.

Michael's mother has just found out that four-year-old Michael has been using scissors to give the cat,dog,and his little sister haircuts.His mother tells Michael,"Wait until your father gets home and you'll be sorry." This delayed discipline

When Jared is scolded by his mother for misbehaving,he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention.For Jared,the scolding served as a