Exam 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Gayle and Charles have found that scolding and spankings reduce their children's misbehaviors.Thus,these unpleasant consequences of scoldings and spankings would be considered

Every other response will be rewarded when an animal is on a(n) _______ schedule.

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of

Because punishment is aversive,people and situations associated with punishment tend to become feared,resented,or disliked through _______ conditioning.

If a person is on a VR-4 schedule,he or she will receive a reinforcer

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a _______ reinforcer.

Tokens have reinforcing value because they may be exchanged for primary reinforcers.Thus,they are a type of __________ reinforcer.

Social reinforcers consist of

Children who are working quietly on their homework when the hourly bell rings will be allowed to go to the play area for 10 minutes.Just before the bell is about to ring,the children become so quiet that you could hear "a pin drop" in the classroom.These children's quiet behavior occurs right before the bell because they are on which schedule of reinforcement?

Brian's parents use frequent and severe physical punishment for his misbehaviors at home.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

A corporate pay policy comparable to a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement would

When punishing a child or adolescent,it is important to

Intracranial self-stimulation is a very powerful reinforcer because it activates the same pleasure pathways in the brain that are activated by natural _______ reinforcers.

In a behavior modification program at the local school,children were given "good behavior" slips that could be exchanged for candy or toys at the end of the week.Which of the following would be a FALSE statement regarding this type of reinforcement?

In a drug rehabilitation center,the residents earn points for attending therapy sessions on time,writing in their journals,and performing their designated chores.These points can be used to gain various privileges or tangible items.This drug rehabilitation center is using

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

Two groups of well-trained rats were placed on extinction.One group was punished with a slap on the paw for each bar press,while the other group was not.The experimenters found that bar pressing

Agricultural workers are paid according to the number of barrels of apples they pick.They are on which schedule of reinforcement?

Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors.

The best batters in baseball rarely get a hit more than an average of three out of every 10 times they are at bat.These batters are on which schedule of reinforcement?