Question 1

Jimmy's mother scolds him for reaching for his third before­dinner cookie.After this mild punishment,Jimmy's behavior will probably

Accepted Answer

A) increase dramatically. 
B) disappear completely. 
C) reappear. 
D) become displaced. 
A) increase dramatically. 
B) disappear completely. 
C) reappear. 
D) become displaced.

Question 2

You come home from work and find that your dog has dug up the tree you just planted.To reduce this digging,you would be best advised to punish the dog

Accepted Answer

A) as the dog begins to dig. 
B) as soon as you get home and discover the hole. 
C) several hours after digging. 
D) by taking the dog to each hole he has dug recently and then punishing him. 
A) as the dog begins to dig. 
B) as soon as you get home and discover the hole. 
C) several hours after digging. 
D) by taking the dog to each hole he has dug recently and then punishing him.

Question 3

Which type of operant reinforcer produces comfort,ends discomfort,or fills an immediate physical need?

Accepted Answer

A) natural feedback 
B) token reinforcer 
C) primary reinforcer 
D) secondary reinforcer 
A) natural feedback 
B) token reinforcer 
C) primary reinforcer 
D) secondary reinforcer

Question 4

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) intermittent 
D) continuous 
A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) intermittent 
D) continuous

Question 5

If a rat is on an FI-30-second schedule for bar pressing,the rat will be reinforced

Accepted Answer

A) continuously for 30 seconds and then will receive no more reinforcement. 
B) on the average,for every 30 seconds of responding. 
C) for a bar press after having waited exactly 30 seconds after the last reinforced response. 
D) for a bar press after an interval that averages 30 seconds. 
A) continuously for 30 seconds and then will receive no more reinforcement. 
B) on the average,for every 30 seconds of responding. 
C) for a bar press after having waited exactly 30 seconds after the last reinforced response. 
D) for a bar press after an interval that averages 30 seconds.

Question 6

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him,it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) continuous 
C) intermittent 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) continuous 
C) intermittent 
D) variable interval

Question 7

Studies of animals,such as pigeons,rats,and scrub jays,show that animals

Accepted Answer

A) are "stuck in time." 
B) live in the present moment with only short-term memories. 
C) can remember up to a day only. 
D) are sensitive to the passage of time. 
A) are "stuck in time." 
B) live in the present moment with only short-term memories. 
C) can remember up to a day only. 
D) are sensitive to the passage of time.

Question 8

You want to stop your cat from clawing your new sofa by spraying a stream of water on the cat as punishment for clawing the furniture.If you are to be successful,you must

Accepted Answer

A) use intermittent punishment by spraying the cat every now and then. 
B) spray the cat every time he begins to claw the sofa. 
C) spray the cat until he is completely wet and uncomfortable. 
D) take the cat to each clawed mark and then hold and spray him. 
A) use intermittent punishment by spraying the cat every now and then. 
B) spray the cat every time he begins to claw the sofa. 
C) spray the cat until he is completely wet and uncomfortable. 
D) take the cat to each clawed mark and then hold and spray him.

Question 9

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B) Punishment teaches new behaviors. 
C) Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B) Punishment teaches new behaviors. 
C) Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 10

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) sex 
B) grades 
C) food 
D) a pain-relieving drug 
A) sex 
B) grades 
C) food 
D) a pain-relieving drug

Question 11

To be effective,punishment must be given

Accepted Answer

A) contingently. 
B) intermittently. 
C) after a warning. 
D) as negative reinforcement. 
A) contingently. 
B) intermittently. 
C) after a warning. 
D) as negative reinforcement.

Question 12

Which of the following are tangible secondary reinforcers,such as money,gold stars,and poker chips that can be exchanged for food,lodgings,and other necessities?

Accepted Answer

A) token reinforcers 
B) social reinforcers 
C) unconditioned reinforcers 
D) negative reinforcers 
A) token reinforcers 
B) social reinforcers 
C) unconditioned reinforcers 
D) negative reinforcers

Question 13

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to produce moderate response rates in which responding is low following reinforcement,but rapidly increases as the time for the next reinforcer approaches?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 14

Regarding escape and avoidance learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Avoidance learning involves making a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort. 
B) Each time a situation is avoided,the person is reinforced by a sense of relief. 
C) Frequent punishment discourages the occurrence of escape and avoidance learning. 
D) Escape learning is based on negative reinforcement. 
A) Avoidance learning involves making a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort. 
B) Each time a situation is avoided,the person is reinforced by a sense of relief. 
C) Frequent punishment discourages the occurrence of escape and avoidance learning. 
D) Escape learning is based on negative reinforcement.

Question 15

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportsmanlike conduct is using

Accepted Answer

A) aversive conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) punishment. 
A) aversive conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) punishment.

Question 16

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) continuous 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable interval 
D) fixed ratio 
A) continuous 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable interval 
D) fixed ratio

Question 17

A driver consistently drives well beyond the interstate speed limit until a highway patrolman stops her and gives her a speeding ticket.From that time on,this driver never exceeds the speed limit on the interstate.In this example,the highway patrolman has successfully stopped this driver from speeding by using

Accepted Answer

A) punishment. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) threats. 
D) feedback. 
A) punishment. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) threats. 
D) feedback.

Question 18

Another name for response cost is

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) nonreinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) nonreinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 19

Katherine is a telemarketer who receives $25 for every 12 calls she makes.Katherine is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 20

Compared to continuous reinforcement,partial reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) is more resistant to extinction. 
B) makes a response weaker. 
C) involves reinforcing some correct and some incorrect responses. 
D) involves reinforcing every correct response,but not the incorrect ones. 
A) is more resistant to extinction. 
B) makes a response weaker. 
C) involves reinforcing some correct and some incorrect responses. 
D) involves reinforcing every correct response,but not the incorrect ones.

Exam 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Jimmy's mother scolds him for reaching for his third before­dinner cookie.After this mild punishment,Jimmy's behavior will probably

You come home from work and find that your dog has dug up the tree you just planted.To reduce this digging,you would be best advised to punish the dog

Which type of operant reinforcer produces comfort,ends discomfort,or fills an immediate physical need?

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?

If a rat is on an FI-30-second schedule for bar pressing,the rat will be reinforced

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him,it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?

Studies of animals,such as pigeons,rats,and scrub jays,show that animals

You want to stop your cat from clawing your new sofa by spraying a stream of water on the cat as punishment for clawing the furniture.If you are to be successful,you must

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

To be effective,punishment must be given

Which of the following are tangible secondary reinforcers,such as money,gold stars,and poker chips that can be exchanged for food,lodgings,and other necessities?

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to produce moderate response rates in which responding is low following reinforcement,but rapidly increases as the time for the next reinforcer approaches?

Regarding escape and avoidance learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportsmanlike conduct is using

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?

Another name for response cost is

Katherine is a telemarketer who receives $25 for every 12 calls she makes.Katherine is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Compared to continuous reinforcement,partial reinforcement

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Jimmy's mother scolds him for reaching for his third beforedinner cookie.After this mild punishment,Jimmy's behavior will probably