Exam 17: Intelligence Testing and Psychological Perspectives

Attachment styles determined by the Strange Situation test in the laboratory _____ correspond to those observed in natural environments; indicating that the Strange Situation test is _____in _____ validity.

A pigeon's behavior is reinforced for pecking images of Picasso paintings but not for pecking images of Monet paintings. After such training, it correctly pecks pictures of other Cubist artists it has never seen before but does not peck other never-before-seen impressionistic paintings. This illustrates the behavioral processes of _____; in cognitive terms each Picasso painting represents a(n) _____ of a category.

_____ perspectives on morality are most consistent with _____ in that they emphasize the role of nature more than nurture.

In psychoanalysis, June's therapist suggests that she is taking her unconscious childhood anger at her father out on her husband by picking silly fights with him. June starts crying and says that her therapist is the only man who has ever really understood her. In this example, the therapist suggested that June was engaging in the defense mechanism of _____ and June's reaction illustrates _____.

When asked to rank pictures of women in terms of their attractiveness, men across cultures rank figures approximating the "perfect hourglass" figure in which the waist is precisely _____ percent of the circumference of the hips as most attractive. In terms of categorizing figures, this best illustrates _____ theory.

A behaviorist would conceptualize the prisoner's dilemma as a situation in which Person A's decision to cooperate with Person B:

Dylan is interested in finding out how sensitive his roommate is to sound. While he is watching TV, Dylan gradually turned up the volume on his stereo. Over the course of several days, Dylan did this a number of times and each time recorded the volume at which his roommate complained. This may be considered a study of _____, and the independent variable is the volume _____.

Infants with a highly reactive _____ are more likely to develop into adults that score rather low on the _____ Big 5 personality dimension.

The _____ allows information transduced from light waves projected onto the left half of each _____ to be processed in the left hemisphere of the brain.

Social rejection by a member of the opposite race based on race alone is an example of _____ and is more likely to lead to physiological changes associated with a _____ state.

Meditation reduces stress in part by _____ the default network; when practiced in a clinical setting it is a form of _____ therapy.

Individuals in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development would be most susceptible to _____.

Individuals with _____ consume large quantities of food to reduce negative emotions such as sadness and anxiety. This short-lasting relief ultimately gives rise to concern about weight gain, causing them to vomit or use laxatives to reduce this anxiety. A behavioral psychologist would interpret this vicious cycle in terms of _____.

One consequence of the memory sin of _____ is that it often _____self-esteem.

A researcher manipulated the intensity of light in increments of five lumens and asked participants if the light was present or absent. The study found that two particular participants had the same _____ threshold for perceiving the light. Had the investigators manipulated the light in units of one lumen, a difference would have been found between the individuals. The study was lacking the _____ to detect this difference.

Existential psychologists believe that free choices provoke anxiety or _____ associated with the meaning of life, and personality arises from arriving at decisions to reduce this anxiety. A behavioral psychologist might reinterpret this theory as behavior that is maintained by _____, and social psychologists might reinterpret this theory in terms of _____.

A person who frequently helps others with no expectation of personal benefit is engaging in _____ and probably will score highest on the Big 5 trait of _____.

Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between aerobic exercise and stress?

Research on the effects of prefrontal lobe damage on gambling tasks suggests the radical personality changes exhibited by Phineas Gage after his injury may have been due to a(n):

In his description of consciousness as a flowing stream, _____, the founder of functionalism, emphasized the _____ of consciousness.