Exam 9: Section 4: Language and Thought

A simple syntactical rule in the English language is "i before e except after c."

Grammatical mistakes in children most often arise from not applying a previously learned rule to a novel sentence construction.

Functional fixedness is a type of framing effect.

On average, gamblers with prefrontal cortex damage will show less of an emotional reaction to a loss than non-brain-damaged gamblers.

Because they are older when they begin to learn English, Chinese preschoolers adopted into American families begin to use English content and function morphemes at around the same time as preschoolers who are not adopted.

Interactionist theories of language development argue that social interactions, not innate biological processes, are responsible for the development of language.

B. F. Skinner believed that all humans are born with an LAD (Leaning Acquisition Device).

Accents occur when morphological rules are violated.

The word "when" is a function morpheme.

Japanese adults cannot distinguish between the "l" and "r" phonemes.

Recent research suggests that language affects the way we process colors.

If language capacity is significantly impaired, other higher-executive cognitions necessarily will be impaired.

The surface structure of a sentence is more likely to be remembered than its deep structure.

The phrase "over and back" is a good example of telegraphic speech.

Prospect theory predicts that people will be more likely to take risks in order to achieve gains than to avoid losses.

Learning a second language during childhood broadly impairs cognitive development.

The goal of a means-ends approach to problem solving is to modify the goal state until it is as similar as possible to the current state.

When people use the representative heuristic to judge the probability of an event, they tend to ignore information about the base-rate occurrence of the event.

Babies typically start speaking in single words by 5 months of age.

Noam Chomsky provided a behaviorist explanation of language development.