Exam 9: Section 4: Language and Thought

Today there are about 4,000 human languages.

On average, patients with prefrontal cortex damage will experience more anxiety when anticipating a risky choice than non-brain-damaged individuals.

The best time to acquire a second language is right after puberty, when learning skills and concentration have developed but the brain is still fairly plastic.

The telegraphic speech of a 2-year-old child usually is not grammatical.

Prospect theory predicts that people will choose an 80 percent chance of winning $4,000 over $3,000 outright.

Human references to intangible things, such as "justice," function analogously to alarm calls in other species.

Explicit awareness of grammatical rules is not required in order for speakers of a language to speak grammatically.

Prospect theory assumes that people give a greater weight to outcomes that are certainties.

Meeting a sufficient condition for membership into a club guarantees club membership.

The availability bias happens when items that are more easily recalled from memory are judged as being more likely to occur.

People with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty producing grammatically correct speech.

The conjunction fallacy involves making a probability judgment by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event.

At every stage of language development, humans speak better than they understand what is spoken to them.

Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal cortex of the brain.

Rational choice theory accurately describes how humans make most of their daily decisions.

Means-ends analysis was first described by Friedrich Gauss.

Prospect theory predicts that, when given the choice between two options, people will choose the option associated with the greatest objective value.

Toddlers usually learn nouns before they learn verbs.

Being in a positive mood may aid the occurrence of a flash of insight.

Infants begin to babble speech sounds between 1 and 3 months of age.