Question 1

The hormone __________ induces lipolysis, whereas the hormone __________ inhibits the process.

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine; adrenocorticotropic hormone 
B)  glucagon; insulin 
C)  insulin; norepinephrine 
D)  glucagon; epinephrine 
E)  epinephrine; glucagon 
A)  epinephrine; adrenocorticotropic hormone 
B)  glucagon; insulin 
C)  insulin; norepinephrine 
D)  glucagon; epinephrine 
E)  epinephrine; glucagon B

Question 2

Which organs or tissues prefer to use ketone bodies such as acetoacetate as a fuel energy source instead of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart muscle 
B)  the renal cortex 
C)  the brain 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C 
A)  the heart muscle 
B)  the renal cortex 
C)  the brain 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C D

Question 3

How is pyrophosphate formation an important theme in biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate is a high-energy reaction that is not easily reversed. The hydrolysis of PPi drives a reversible reaction to completion. Essentially, two phosphoanhydride bonds are used to drive an energetically unfavorable reaction. It is a common strategy in several paths.

Question 4

The first step of β oxidation is a(n) ________________-linked oxidation of the fatty acyl chain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step of β oxidation is...

Question 5

________________ from fatty acid oxidation may enter glycolysis after phosphorylation and oxidation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ from fatty acid oxidation may enter...

Question 6

Odd-numbered unsaturated fatty acids are metabolized by which of the following enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  propionyl CoA carboxylase 
B)  2,4-dienoyl reductase 
C)  enoyl-CoA isomerase 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  propionyl CoA carboxylase 
B)  2,4-dienoyl reductase 
C)  enoyl-CoA isomerase 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 7

What is the fate of glycerol released during lipolysis?

Accepted Answer

The glycerol is absorbed by th

Question 8

Calculate the amount of ATP generated from the total oxidation of an activated fatty acid with an acyl chain of 16 carbons.

Accepted Answer

The pathway would generate 7 NADH and 7

Question 9

In eukaryotes, the degradation of fatty acids occurs in the ________________.

Accepted Answer

mitochondr

Question 10

The pathway by which an acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase 
A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 11

Why is the anhydrous nature of triacylglycerols important in energy efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates need to be hydrated to be

Question 12

Explain why animals cannot convert fatty acids to glucose.

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose via gluconeogen

Question 13

Another name for vitamin B12 is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase 
A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 14

Untreated, chronic ketone body production will ________________ blood pH levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Untreated, chronic ketone body production will ________________...

Question 15

Fatty acids are the building blocks of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  glycolipids. 
D)  B and C. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  cholesterol. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  glycolipids. 
D)  B and C. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 16

Coenzyme(s) involved in the degradation of saturated fatty acyl CoA include(s):

Accepted Answer

A)  FAD. 
B)  NAD+. 
C)  TPP. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  FAD. 
B)  NAD+. 
C)  TPP. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 17

The transfer of an acyl group to coenzyme A is driven by the hydrolysis of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase 
A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 18

What three stages are required to utilize the energy stores in adipocytes?

Accepted Answer

Three stages of processing are required.

Question 19

The enzyme ____________ is activated by hormones and is responsible for the first hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Accepted Answer

A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase 
A) pyrophosphate 
B) 106 ATP 
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D) β oxidation 
E) glucagon
F)glycolysis
G)30 ATP
H)cobalamin
I)β hydroxybutyrate
J)hormone-sensitive lipase
K)oxaloacetate
L)adipose
M)acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 20

The enzyme acyl CoA synthetase catalyzes:

Accepted Answer

A)  lipolysis to release free glyceraldehyde. 
B)  ATP-dependent reduction prior to activation. 
C)  ATP-dependent activation of fatty acids using CoA. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  lipolysis to release free glyceraldehyde. 
B)  ATP-dependent reduction prior to activation. 
C)  ATP-dependent activation of fatty acids using CoA. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Exam 27: Fatty Acid Degredation

The hormone __________ induces lipolysis, whereas the hormone __________ inhibits the process.

Which organs or tissues prefer to use ketone bodies such as acetoacetate as a fuel energy source instead of glucose?

How is pyrophosphate formation an important theme in biochemistry?

The first step of β oxidation is a(n) ________________-linked oxidation of the fatty acyl chain.

________________ from fatty acid oxidation may enter glycolysis after phosphorylation and oxidation.

Odd-numbered unsaturated fatty acids are metabolized by which of the following enzymes?

What is the fate of glycerol released during lipolysis?

Calculate the amount of ATP generated from the total oxidation of an activated fatty acid with an acyl chain of 16 carbons.

In eukaryotes, the degradation of fatty acids occurs in the ________________.

The pathway by which an acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA is ____________.

Why is the anhydrous nature of triacylglycerols important in energy efficiency?

Explain why animals cannot convert fatty acids to glucose.

Another name for vitamin B12 is ____________.

Untreated, chronic ketone body production will ________________ blood pH levels.

Fatty acids are the building blocks of:

Coenzyme(s) involved in the degradation of saturated fatty acyl CoA include(s):

The transfer of an acyl group to coenzyme A is driven by the hydrolysis of ____________.

What three stages are required to utilize the energy stores in adipocytes?

The enzyme ____________ is activated by hormones and is responsible for the first hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

The enzyme acyl CoA synthetase catalyzes:

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

Filters

The hormone induces lipolysis, whereas the hormone inhibits the process.