Question 1

Glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and fructose 1-phosphate belong to the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate 
A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate G

Question 2

Write the balanced reaction for the Calvin cycle.

Accepted Answer

6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H2O → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + 12 NADP+ + 6H+

Question 3

Describe the role of thioredoxin in regulating the Calvin cycle.

Accepted Answer

The light reactions of photosynthesis result in the reduction of ferredoxin, one of the electron carriers of photosynthesis. Ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase then catalyzes the reduction of sulfhydryl groups of thioredoxin by reduced ferredoxin. The reduced thioredoxin then transfers electrons to the component enzymes that contain regulatory disulfide bonds. The inactive enzymes are activated by the reduction of the disulfide bonds. The enzymes are converted to the inactive form by spontaneous oxidation by oxygen, a product of photosynthesis.

Question 4

The enzymes that catalyze the dark reactions of photosynthesis are located in the ________________ of the chloroplasts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The enzymes that catalyze the dark reactions...

Question 5

What is the energy cost of the C4 pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  30 molecules of ATP are used per hexose molecule made. 
B)  18 molecules of ATP are used per hexose molecule made. 
C)  30 molecules of NADPH are used per hexose molecule made. 
D)  18 molecules of ATP and 12 of NADPH are used per hexose molecule made. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  30 molecules of ATP are used per hexose molecule made. 
B)  18 molecules of ATP are used per hexose molecule made. 
C)  30 molecules of NADPH are used per hexose molecule made. 
D)  18 molecules of ATP and 12 of NADPH are used per hexose molecule made. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 6

ATP is called the energy currency. The currency of reducing power is:

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH. 
B)  CoA. 
C)  AMP. 
D)  ADP. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  NADPH. 
B)  CoA. 
C)  AMP. 
D)  ADP. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 7

____________ is the final enzyme in the C4 pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate 
A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate

Question 8

The most abundant protein on Earth is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. 
B)  aldolase. 
C)  rubisco. 
D)  phosphopentose epimerase. 
E)  transketolase. 
A)  ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. 
B)  aldolase. 
C)  rubisco. 
D)  phosphopentose epimerase. 
E)  transketolase.

Question 9

In photorespiration, oxygen is consumed and ________________ is released .

Accepted Answer

The answer of In photorespiration, oxygen is consumed and ________________...

Question 10

________ rounds of the Calvin cycle are required for the production of hexose.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  12 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  12 
E)  9

Question 11

In the Calvin cycle, 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into which hexose phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 1-phosphate 
B)  glucose 6-phosphate 
C)  fructose 6-phosphate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  glucose 1-phosphate 
B)  glucose 6-phosphate 
C)  fructose 6-phosphate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Explain how the relationship of the mesophyll cell and the bundle-sheath cell help to regulate the Calvin cycle.

Accepted Answer

The enzyme rubisco is inefficient and re

Question 13

The C4 pathway is necessary in tropical plants because:

Accepted Answer

A)  at high temperatures, the plants cannot maintain sufficient water levels within the cells. 
B)  tropical plants do not have proper day/light cycles to maintain the balance of CO2 necessary for carbohydrate storage. 
C)  at high temperatures, the oxygenase activity of rubisco is high. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  at high temperatures, the plants cannot maintain sufficient water levels within the cells. 
B)  tropical plants do not have proper day/light cycles to maintain the balance of CO2 necessary for carbohydrate storage. 
C)  at high temperatures, the oxygenase activity of rubisco is high. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 14

What is the energy requirement for the formation of hexose from CO2 in terms of ATP equivalents and NADPH?

Accepted Answer

It requires 6 molecules of CO2 to make 1

Question 15

What is photorespiration? Why is it wasteful?

Accepted Answer

Normal photosynthesis produces O2 and fi

Question 16

The product of CO2 fixation with ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate 
A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate

Question 17

The enzyme ____________ is involved in both the Calvin cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate 
A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate

Question 18

The three stages of the Calvin cycle are ________________:

Accepted Answer

carbon fixation, red

Question 19

____________: Organisms that can synthesize glucose from CO2 and water.

Accepted Answer

A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate 
A) rubisco 
B) transketolase 
C) crassulacean acid metabolism 
D) autotrophs 
E) C6
F)pyruvate-Pi dikinase
G)hexose monophosphate pool
H)heterotrophs
I)glycolysis
J)C4
K)sucrose
L)phosphoglycerate

Question 20

Which form of thioredoxin activates certain Calvin cycle enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced 
B)  oxidized 
C)  dimeric 
D)  A and C 
E)  B and C 
A)  reduced 
B)  oxidized 
C)  dimeric 
D)  A and C 
E)  B and C

Exam 23: The Calvin Cycle

Glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and fructose 1-phosphate belong to the ____________.

Write the balanced reaction for the Calvin cycle.

Describe the role of thioredoxin in regulating the Calvin cycle.

The enzymes that catalyze the dark reactions of photosynthesis are located in the ________________ of the chloroplasts.

What is the energy cost of the C4 pathway?

ATP is called the energy currency. The currency of reducing power is:

____________ is the final enzyme in the C4 pathway.

The most abundant protein on Earth is:

In photorespiration, oxygen is consumed and ________________ is released .

________ rounds of the Calvin cycle are required for the production of hexose.

In the Calvin cycle, 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into which hexose phosphate?

Explain how the relationship of the mesophyll cell and the bundle-sheath cell help to regulate the Calvin cycle.

The C4 pathway is necessary in tropical plants because:

What is the energy requirement for the formation of hexose from CO2 in terms of ATP equivalents and NADPH?

What is photorespiration? Why is it wasteful?

The product of CO2 fixation with ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate is ____________.

The enzyme ____________ is involved in both the Calvin cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway.

The three stages of the Calvin cycle are ________________:

____________: Organisms that can synthesize glucose from CO2 and water.

Which form of thioredoxin activates certain Calvin cycle enzymes?

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

Filters