Question 1

What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation by NAD+ and the formation of acyl phosphate 
B)  oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde 
C)  dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP 
D)  hydrolysis of GAP 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  oxidation by NAD+ and the formation of acyl phosphate 
B)  oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde 
C)  dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP 
D)  hydrolysis of GAP 
E)  None of the above. A

Question 2

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylation of AMP by ATP 
B)  ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high-phosphoryl-transfer potential 
C)  phosphorylation of glycolytic intermediates 
D)  phosphorylation of ATP coupled to an ion gradient 
E)  ATP and AMP synthesis from two molecules of ADP 
A)  phosphorylation of AMP by ATP 
B)  ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high-phosphoryl-transfer potential 
C)  phosphorylation of glycolytic intermediates 
D)  phosphorylation of ATP coupled to an ion gradient 
E)  ATP and AMP synthesis from two molecules of ADP B

Question 3

Cancer-driven hypoxia brings about the induction of which genes involved in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  GLUT3 
B)  hexokinase 
C)  aldolase 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  GLUT3 
B)  hexokinase 
C)  aldolase 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. D

Question 4

During exercise, glycolysis is stimulated by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  high-energy charge of the cell. 
B)  feed-forward stimulation of pyruvate kinase. 
C)  negative feedback inhibition on hexokinase. 
D)  A and C. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  high-energy charge of the cell. 
B)  feed-forward stimulation of pyruvate kinase. 
C)  negative feedback inhibition on hexokinase. 
D)  A and C. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 5

How is the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate accompanied by ATP formation?

Accepted Answer

The enol phosphate possesses v

Question 6

How does citrate influence glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by citr

Question 7

Glucose is the most stable hexose because the hydroxyl groups are all in the ______________position.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glucose is the most stable hexose because...

Question 8

How are the glycolytic enzymes regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)  through transcriptional control 
B)  through reversible phosphorylation 
C)  through allosteric control 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  through transcriptional control 
B)  through reversible phosphorylation 
C)  through allosteric control 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The substance ____________ must be regenerated for glycolysis to proceed.

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase

Question 10

Both hexokinase and glucokinase phosphorylate glucose. The function of glucokinase is to phosphorylate glucose in liver cells as a means to regulate blood-sugar levels. Would you expect its KM to be higher or lower than that of hexokinase?

Accepted Answer

Glucokinase must be responsive to elevat

Question 11

What are the primary metabolic fates of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol 
B)  lactate 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  ethanol 
B)  lactate 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Describe the biochemical explanation for galactosemia.

Accepted Answer

Galactose is metabolized by conversion t

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________ is the transporter found in the pancreas and liver.

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase

Question 14

Describe how pyruvate kinase regulation occurs and how this is important in the regulation of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate kinase is allosterically inhibi

Question 15

What are fermentations?

Accepted Answer

Fermentations are ATP-generati

Question 16

Why is it important that the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways are reciprocally regulated?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is stimulated when the energy

Question 17

A potent allosteric activator of liver phosphofructokinase is ______________, which is produced from fructose-6-phosphate by PFK2.

Accepted Answer

fructose-2

Question 18

What are glucose transporters and how do the different types of transporters differ?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporters mediate the thermod

Question 19

Why is it more sensible for phosphofructokinase, rather than hexokinase, to be an important control step?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the first

Question 20

______________ mediate the thermodynamically downhill movement of glucose across plasma membranes.

Accepted Answer

glucose tr

Exam 16: Glycolysis

What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Cancer-driven hypoxia brings about the induction of which genes involved in glycolysis?

During exercise, glycolysis is stimulated by a:

How is the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate accompanied by ATP formation?

How does citrate influence glycolysis?

Glucose is the most stable hexose because the hydroxyl groups are all in the ______________position.

How are the glycolytic enzymes regulated?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The substance ____________ must be regenerated for glycolysis to proceed.

Both hexokinase and glucokinase phosphorylate glucose. The function of glucokinase is to phosphorylate glucose in liver cells as a means to regulate blood-sugar levels. Would you expect its KM to be higher or lower than that of hexokinase?

What are the primary metabolic fates of pyruvate?

Describe the biochemical explanation for galactosemia.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________ is the transporter found in the pancreas and liver.

Describe how pyruvate kinase regulation occurs and how this is important in the regulation of glycolysis.

What are fermentations?

Why is it important that the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways are reciprocally regulated?

A potent allosteric activator of liver phosphofructokinase is ______________, which is produced from fructose-6-phosphate by PFK2.

What are glucose transporters and how do the different types of transporters differ?

Why is it more sensible for phosphofructokinase, rather than hexokinase, to be an important control step?

______________ mediate the thermodynamically downhill movement of glucose across plasma membranes.

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

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