Question 1

The amount of glucose in the bloodstream and other body fluids is ________________.

Accepted Answer

20 g

Question 2

The gluconeogenesis step responsible for reversing pyruvate kinase is ________________.

Accepted Answer

PEPCK

Question 3

The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic reactions by which glucose is converted into lactate in skeletal muscle, and then lactate is converted back into glucose in the liver.

Accepted Answer

Cori

Question 4

Hormonal activation of cyclic AMP levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  activates protein kinase A phosphorylation of FBPase2. 
B)  phosphorylates PFK2 on a tyrosine residue. 
C)  leads to the activation of PFK. 
D)  activates the PKC phosphorylation of PFK2. 
E)  increases the activation of gluconeogenesis. 
A)  activates protein kinase A phosphorylation of FBPase2. 
B)  phosphorylates PFK2 on a tyrosine residue. 
C)  leads to the activation of PFK. 
D)  activates the PKC phosphorylation of PFK2. 
E)  increases the activation of gluconeogenesis.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose takes place in the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP 
A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP

Question 6

How are gluconeogenesis and glycolysis regulated reciprocally?

Accepted Answer

The enzymes involved in two substrate cy

Question 7

The enzymes involved in shuttling carbons involved in gluconeogenesis from the mitochondria to the cytosol are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  malate dehydrogenase. 
B)  citrate synthase. 
C)  oxaloacetate transferase. 
D)  oxaloacetate reductase. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  malate dehydrogenase. 
B)  citrate synthase. 
C)  oxaloacetate transferase. 
D)  oxaloacetate reductase. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 8

Bumblebees are active when cold, while other insects are dormant. This is due to a high rate of ATP hydrolysis. What might help bring this about?

Accepted Answer

Futile cycles that involve ATP

Question 9

In general, the liver:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not utilize glucose under starvation/low-energy conditions. 
B)  acts as a glucose buffer for the rest of the body. 
C)  is a producer of glucose for the body under low-energy conditions. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  does not utilize glucose under starvation/low-energy conditions. 
B)  acts as a glucose buffer for the rest of the body. 
C)  is a producer of glucose for the body under low-energy conditions. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 10

Explain how fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) levels are regulated in the cell, and the relationship between F-2,6-BP levels and blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

The levels in the cell of F-2,6BP are re

Question 11

How many high-energy phosphate bonds are expended in gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  six 
C)  two 
D)  four 
E)  one 
A)  three 
B)  six 
C)  two 
D)  four 
E)  one

Question 12

Glucose 6-phosphatase takes place in which cellular location?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cytoplasm 
B)  the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  the mitochondria 
D)  the nucleus 
E)  the plasma membrane 
A)  the cytoplasm 
B)  the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  the mitochondria 
D)  the nucleus 
E)  the plasma membrane

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: This essential nutrient is required for the carboxylation of pyruvate in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP 
A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP

Question 14

How are gluconeogenesis and glycolysis coordinated by nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

ATP inhibits glycolysis at PFK, while AD

Question 15

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a highly regulated enzyme. Which of the following statements about PFK is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  AMP and ADP both bind to and stabilize the inactive conformation of F6-P. 
B)  ATP can overcome the inhibition by citrate. 
C)  Citrate is an inhibitor of PFK. 
D)  Acidic conditions from anaerobic metabolism activate PFK. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  AMP and ADP both bind to and stabilize the inactive conformation of F6-P. 
B)  ATP can overcome the inhibition by citrate. 
C)  Citrate is an inhibitor of PFK. 
D)  Acidic conditions from anaerobic metabolism activate PFK. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 16

Lactate produced in muscle tissue is converted to ________________ by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose / gluconeogenesis 
B)  lactate / the Cori cycle 
C)  glucose / the Cori cycle 
D)  pyruvate / glycolysis 
E)  ATP : the Krebs cycle 
A)  glucose / gluconeogenesis 
B)  lactate / the Cori cycle 
C)  glucose / the Cori cycle 
D)  pyruvate / glycolysis 
E)  ATP : the Krebs cycle

Question 17

ATP in the reaction catalyzed by PEPCK is used to fix ________________ to biotin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ATP in the reaction catalyzed by PEPCK...

Question 18

The daily glucose requirement for a typical adult brain is ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The daily glucose requirement for a typical...

Question 19

High levels of ATP and citrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  indicate a high-energy-well-fed state. 
B)  promote gluconeogenesis. 
C)  inhibit glycolysis. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  indicate a high-energy-well-fed state. 
B)  promote gluconeogenesis. 
C)  inhibit glycolysis. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 20

The bifunctional enzyme is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphofructokinase I. 
B)  phosphofructokinase II. 
C)  fructose-1,6 phosphatase. 
D)  protein kinase 2. 
E)  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. 
A)  phosphofructokinase I. 
B)  phosphofructokinase II. 
C)  fructose-1,6 phosphatase. 
D)  protein kinase 2. 
E)  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

Exam 17: Gluconeogenesis

The amount of glucose in the bloodstream and other body fluids is ________________.

The gluconeogenesis step responsible for reversing pyruvate kinase is ________________.

The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic reactions by which glucose is converted into lactate in skeletal muscle, and then lactate is converted back into glucose in the liver.

Hormonal activation of cyclic AMP levels:

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose takes place in the ____________.

How are gluconeogenesis and glycolysis regulated reciprocally?

The enzymes involved in shuttling carbons involved in gluconeogenesis from the mitochondria to the cytosol are called:

Bumblebees are active when cold, while other insects are dormant. This is due to a high rate of ATP hydrolysis. What might help bring this about?

In general, the liver:

Explain how fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) levels are regulated in the cell, and the relationship between F-2,6-BP levels and blood glucose levels.

How many high-energy phosphate bonds are expended in gluconeogenesis?

Glucose 6-phosphatase takes place in which cellular location?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: This essential nutrient is required for the carboxylation of pyruvate in humans.

How are gluconeogenesis and glycolysis coordinated by nucleotides?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a highly regulated enzyme. Which of the following statements about PFK is correct?

Lactate produced in muscle tissue is converted to ________________ by ________________.

ATP in the reaction catalyzed by PEPCK is used to fix ________________ to biotin.

The daily glucose requirement for a typical adult brain is ________________.

High levels of ATP and citrate:

The bifunctional enzyme is also known as:

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

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Lactate produced in muscle tissue is converted to by .