Question 1

In which reaction is ATP directly formed in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate 
B)  decarboxylation of ɑ-ketoglutarate 
C)  conversion of isocitrate to ɑ-ketoglutarate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate 
B)  decarboxylation of ɑ-ketoglutarate 
C)  conversion of isocitrate to ɑ-ketoglutarate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. A

Question 2

A mutation in the active site of succinyl CoA synthetase where His is converted to a lysine would result in which?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased stable folding 
B)  the loss of a succinyl phosphate intermediate 
C)  the loss of a positive-charged amino acid necessary for catalysis 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  increased stable folding 
B)  the loss of a succinyl phosphate intermediate 
C)  the loss of a positive-charged amino acid necessary for catalysis 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above B

Question 3

In the citric acid cycle, the _______________ is produced by a substrate-level phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

GTP

Question 4

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The name applied to metabolic reactions that replenish the citric acid cycle intermediates that are depleted because they were used for biosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 5

Why is the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate a necessary step of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Citrate is a tertiary alcohol

Question 6

The direct channeling of proteins from one enzyme to the next will happen in a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  protein complex. 
B)  metabolon. 
C)  linker coenzyme. 
D)  cell with sufficient available water. 
E)  electron acceptor. 
A)  protein complex. 
B)  metabolon. 
C)  linker coenzyme. 
D)  cell with sufficient available water. 
E)  electron acceptor.

Question 7

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The substance ____________ is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 8

What is/are the chemical change(s) involved in the conversion of citrate into isocitrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydration followed by dehydration 
B)  oxidation 
C)  oxidation followed by reduction 
D)  dehydration followed by hydration 
E)  A and B 
A)  hydration followed by dehydration 
B)  oxidation 
C)  oxidation followed by reduction 
D)  dehydration followed by hydration 
E)  A and B

Question 9

Carbons from carbohydrates enter the citric acid cycle in the form of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbons from carbohydrates enter the citric acid...

Question 10

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The product of the complete oxidation of carbon in the citric acid cycle is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 11

_______________ are organelles in plants and some bacteria where two-carbon acetyl units are converted into four-carbon units (succinate) for glucose synthesis, energy production, and biosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ are organelles in plants and some...

Question 12

In addition to pyruvate dehydrogenase, what other enzymes are key regulatory sites in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  isocitrate dehydrogenase 
B)  ɑ-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C)  citrate synthase (in bacteria) 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C 
A)  isocitrate dehydrogenase 
B)  ɑ-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C)  citrate synthase (in bacteria) 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C

Question 13

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-Succinate dehydrogenase is located in the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 14

Approximately how many ATP or GTP equivalents are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  10 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12 
E)  None of the above.

Question 15

In what organisms and by what mechanism can carbon from fat be converted to sugar?

Accepted Answer

The glyoxylate cycle

Question 16

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The product found by the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 17

What molecule initiates the citric acid cycle by reacting with oxaloacetate?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 18

_______________ is the first citric acid cycle intermediate to be oxidized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ is the first citric acid cycle...

Question 19

During the oxidation of isocitrate, the intermediate that is decarboxylated to form α-ketoglutarate is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the oxidation of isocitrate, the intermediate...

Question 20

Which of the following vitamins are precursors to coenzymes that are necessary for the formation of succinyl CoA from α-ketoglutarate?

Accepted Answer

A)  thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid 
B)  thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin 
C)  thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and biotin 
D)  thiamine, riboflavin, and lipoic acid 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid 
B)  thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin 
C)  thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and biotin 
D)  thiamine, riboflavin, and lipoic acid 
E)  None of the above.

Exam 19: Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

In which reaction is ATP directly formed in the citric acid cycle?

A mutation in the active site of succinyl CoA synthetase where His is converted to a lysine would result in which?

In the citric acid cycle, the _______________ is produced by a substrate-level phosphorylation.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The name applied to metabolic reactions that replenish the citric acid cycle intermediates that are depleted because they were used for biosynthesis.

Why is the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate a necessary step of the citric acid cycle?

The direct channeling of proteins from one enzyme to the next will happen in a(n):

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The substance ____________ is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase.

What is/are the chemical change(s) involved in the conversion of citrate into isocitrate?

Carbons from carbohydrates enter the citric acid cycle in the form of _______________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The product of the complete oxidation of carbon in the citric acid cycle is ____________.

_______________ are organelles in plants and some bacteria where two-carbon acetyl units are converted into four-carbon units (succinate) for glucose synthesis, energy production, and biosynthesis.

In addition to pyruvate dehydrogenase, what other enzymes are key regulatory sites in the citric acid cycle?

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Succinate dehydrogenase is located in the ____________.

Approximately how many ATP or GTP equivalents are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

In what organisms and by what mechanism can carbon from fat be converted to sugar?

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The product found by the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.

What molecule initiates the citric acid cycle by reacting with oxaloacetate?

_______________ is the first citric acid cycle intermediate to be oxidized.

During the oxidation of isocitrate, the intermediate that is decarboxylated to form α-ketoglutarate is _______________.

Which of the following vitamins are precursors to coenzymes that are necessary for the formation of succinyl CoA from α-ketoglutarate?

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA Techniques

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