Exam 2: Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The charge of the side group of aspartate when the pH is more than one pH unit above the pKa.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: Thermodynamic force that drives hydrophobic interactions.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The charge of an amino group when the pH is one pH unit below the pKa.

If noncovalent bonds are so much weaker than covalent bonds, how do they stabilize large biochemical structures?

What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biochemical structures such as DNA?

What is the H⁺ concentration in a urine sample that has a pH of 6?

What pairs of atoms in bases are involved in hydrogen bonds?

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Electrostatic interactions between atoms with opposite electrical charges are also called ____________.

How is protein folding driven?

What is an electrostatic interaction? Give an example.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Water weakens the electrostatic interaction of ions due to its high ____________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The distance when two atoms no longer repulse each other yet have the strongest attraction is known as the____________ radii or contact distance.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Which type of amino acids are responsible for increasing entropy as a protein folds?

The source of the key buffering component of blood is ____________.

Why are conjugate acid-base pairs so important in biological systems?

When the pH is more than two pH units above the pKa of a carboxyl group, the acid is ____________.

How is water able to be a solvent for so many biological molecules?

List atoms commonly found in biological molecules that are often hydrogen-bond acceptors.

Buffers are critical in maintaining proper ____________ levels in biological systems.

An acid ionizes to form a proton and its ________________.