Question 1

How are the glycolytic enzymes regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)  through transcriptional control 
B)  through reversible phosphorylation 
C)  through allosteric control 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  through transcriptional control 
B)  through reversible phosphorylation 
C)  through allosteric control 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. D

Question 2

What type of enzyme catalyzes the intramolecular shift of a chemical group?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolase 
B)  kinase 
C)  dehydrogenase 
D)  mutase 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  hydrolase 
B)  kinase 
C)  dehydrogenase 
D)  mutase 
E)  None of the above. D

Question 3

What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation by NAD+ and the formation of acyl phosphate 
B)  oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde 
C)  dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP 
D)  hydrolysis of GAP 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  oxidation by NAD+ and the formation of acyl phosphate 
B)  oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde 
C)  dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP 
D)  hydrolysis of GAP 
E)  None of the above. A

Question 4

In alcoholic fermentation, the decarboxylation of pyruvate requires a coenzyme that contains the vitamin ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In alcoholic fermentation, the decarboxylation of pyruvate...

Question 5

What are glucose transporters and how do the different types of transporters differ?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporters mediate the thermod

Question 6

What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from GAP?

Accepted Answer

A)  It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made. 
B)  The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction. 
C)  The thioester allows the two-step reaction to be coupled so the second reaction, the energetically unfavorable phosphorylation, can proceed. 
D)  The thioester intermediate induces a conformational change that alters the enzyme specificity. 
E)  The thioester prevents the formation of metabolically unfavorable side products. 
A)  It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made. 
B)  The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction. 
C)  The thioester allows the two-step reaction to be coupled so the second reaction, the energetically unfavorable phosphorylation, can proceed. 
D)  The thioester intermediate induces a conformational change that alters the enzyme specificity. 
E)  The thioester prevents the formation of metabolically unfavorable side products.

Question 7

Glycolysis produces a net of ______________ moles of ATP per 1 mole of glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycolysis produces a net of ______________ moles...

Question 8

Glucose is the most stable hexose because the hydroxyl groups are all in the ______________position.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glucose is the most stable hexose because...

Question 9

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________ is the principle carbohydrate in living systems.

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase

Question 10

In the absence of oxygen, ______________ increases the expression of most glycolytic enzymes and the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3.

Accepted Answer

HIF-1, or

Question 11

Why is it important that the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways are reciprocally regulated?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is stimulated when the energy

Question 12

How is glycolysis maintained under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate can be reduced to eit

Question 13

Describe the biochemical explanation for galactosemia.

Accepted Answer

Galactose is metabolized by conversion t

Question 14

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The intermediate that is necessary for the conversion of galactose to glucose is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase

Question 15

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: These organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase

Question 16

Why is glucose the most stable hexose?

Accepted Answer

The hydroxyl groups and the hy

Question 17

What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?

Accepted Answer

A)  isomerization of DHAP to GAP 
B)  ligation of GAP and DHAP 
C)  reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP 
D)  cleavage of DHAP to GAP 
E)  irreversible aldol condensation of DHAP and GAP 
A)  isomerization of DHAP to GAP 
B)  ligation of GAP and DHAP 
C)  reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP 
D)  cleavage of DHAP to GAP 
E)  irreversible aldol condensation of DHAP and GAP

Question 18

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________ is the enzyme responsible for converting galactose to be used in the glycolytic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) AMP 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) glucose
F)UDP-glucose
G)GLUT5
H)facultative anaerobes
I)ATP
J)magnesium
K)galactokinase
L)GLUT2
M)galactose isomerase

Question 19

Which two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
C)  pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate 
D)  enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate 
E)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate 
A)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
C)  pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate 
D)  enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate 
E)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate

Question 20

A potent allosteric activator of liver phosphofructokinase is ______________, which is produced from fructose-6-phosphate by PFK2.

Accepted Answer

fructose-2

Exam 16: Glycolysis

How are the glycolytic enzymes regulated?

What type of enzyme catalyzes the intramolecular shift of a chemical group?

What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

In alcoholic fermentation, the decarboxylation of pyruvate requires a coenzyme that contains the vitamin ______________.

What are glucose transporters and how do the different types of transporters differ?

What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from GAP?

Glycolysis produces a net of ______________ moles of ATP per 1 mole of glucose.

Glucose is the most stable hexose because the hydroxyl groups are all in the ______________position.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________ is the principle carbohydrate in living systems.

In the absence of oxygen, ______________ increases the expression of most glycolytic enzymes and the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3.

Why is it important that the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways are reciprocally regulated?

How is glycolysis maintained under anaerobic conditions?

Describe the biochemical explanation for galactosemia.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The intermediate that is necessary for the conversion of galactose to glucose is ____________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: These organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

Why is glucose the most stable hexose?

What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________ is the enzyme responsible for converting galactose to be used in the glycolytic pathway.

Which two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A potent allosteric activator of liver phosphofructokinase is ______________, which is produced from fructose-6-phosphate by PFK2.

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA Techniques

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