Exam 5: Learning

Some businesses give reductions on health insurance premiums to employees that rack up enough points on a specially equipped pedometer that monitors their daily activity level. This is an example of a movement called gamification that is based on principles of operant conditioning.

When Anna was three years old, her aunt's pet parakeet landed on her head and pecked at her scalp, hurting her. Following this incident, Anna was afraid of the parakeet, but over time, Anna has become afraid of anything that flies, including butterflies, large flying insects, and wild birds. This example illustrates the phenomenon of _____ in _____ conditioning.

The basic strategy for overcoming learned helplessness is to:

According to B. F. Skinner, superstitious behaviors are the result of:

Behaviorist John B. Watson discovered classical conditioning during the experimental research with "Little Albert."

Paige is paid every other Friday at her job. In operant conditioning terms, Paige is on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.

Why do variable-ratio schedules produce steady rates of responding?

Pavlov found that a conditioned response would be stronger if:

When a dog has been classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, the sound of the bell has gone from being a neutral stimulus to being a conditioned stimulus.

B. F. Skinner shared the view of John Watson that psychology should restrict itself to studying objectively observable behaviors, not mental processes.

One research study found that adolescents who watched a great deal of television with sexual content were more likely to become sexually active than adolescents who watched the least amount of sexually oriented programs.

You want to make sure that you will get to work on time. You call a co-worker who is always punctual and ask her to meet you for coffee before work the next morning, because you know you'll be more likely to be on time if someone is waiting to meet you. You are using a strategy called:

The law of effect helps to explain how classically conditioned responses develop from pairing a biologically significant UCS with a neutral stimulus.

Which of the following statements about B. F. Skinner is TRUE?

Which of the following does NOT illustrate classical conditioning?

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box in your text, neurons that fire both when an action is performed and when an action is simply perceived are called mirror neurons.

Discuss the connections between exposure to violent media and increases in aggressive behavior, and explain why some psychologists are cautious in their conclusions about the effects of media violence.

Sarah gets a weekly allowance, but only if all of her chores are completed by 5 P.M. on Friday night. Although Sarah does some work around the house during the week, she completes most of her chores in a burst of activity after she comes home from school on Friday afternoon. Sarah's behavior is being maintained on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

_____ was the first psychologist to systematically investigate animal learning and to study how voluntary behaviors are influenced by their consequences.

The Acme Widget Company rewards the top salesperson each month with a private parking space by the front door of the company. Using operant conditioning terms, the company maintains the salesperson's behavior with: