Exam 5: Learning

Cal works in a factory and is paid based upon his productivity. For every 100 widgets that Cal assembles, he receives $10. The owners of the factory are using a _____ schedule of reinforcement to pay Cal.

Some businesses give reductions on health insurance premiums to employees who rack up enough points on a specially equipped pedometer that monitors their daily activity level. This is an example of a movement called _____ that is based on principles of operant conditioning.

In the "Little Albert" study, the fear response to the presence of the white rat after the conditioning trials was the unconditioned response (UCR).

John B. Watson rejected the definition of psychology as the scientific study of the mind in favor of a definition that emphasized the prediction and control of behavior.

Over the past four decades, more than 1,000 studies have investigated the relationship between media depictions of violence and increases in aggressive behavior in the real world. One finding is that on average American youth witness _____ rapes, murders, and assaults on television annually.

Martin Seligman began his research career by studying learned helplessness in dogs and later in humans. He applied his findings to psychological problems in humans, including major depressive disorder, and he investigated why some people succumb to learned helplessness while others persist in the face of obstacles.

Which of the following best illustrates classical conditioning?

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner conducted the famous "Little Albert" study, which demonstrated that:

When Micah was two years old, he was frightened by his Aunt Mabel's little dog, which nipped him on the leg. Because of the incident, Micah developed a strong fear of small dogs but not of large dogs. This best illustrates:

Which of the following scientists objected to psychology's study of subjective conscious experience and wrote, "It is still open to discussion whether psychology is a natural science, or whether it can be regarded as a science at all"?

According to psychologist Albert Bandura, four processes are involved in observational learning. Which of the following is NOT one of those processes?

Over the years at Cosmos Widget Factory, Mr. Cosmos has noticed that each employee tends to be most productive in the weeks just before his or her biannual performance review. Had Mr. Cosmos read Chapter 5, "Learning," he would know that his employees' behavior is:

_____ made the following claim: "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select."

Your dog jumps up on a visitor and you smack him with a rolled up newspaper. The next time you have visitors, your dog doesn't jump on them. This is an example of:

Madison met her first serious boyfriend when she was working a summer job at a café on the beach at an oceanfront resort. Years later, when Madison smells the distinctive scent of saltwater and sand, she still feels a twinge of sadness, remembering the end of their romance when they both returned to their separate colleges in the fall. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is _____.

What general conclusions can be drawn about the nature of learning?

A young child has learned to associate the sight of a nurse's white uniform with the fear and pain of getting an injection. If the young child begins reacting with fear to the sight of any white jacket, what has occurred?

Psychologists generally agree that some viewers are highly susceptible to the negative effects of media violence.

Trophies, ribbons, certificates of achievement, and money are often used to reinforce behavior. Using operant conditioning terms, these would all be examples of primary reinforcers.

When you cut an onion, the onion releases airborne irritants that cause your eyes to automatically water or produce tears. Using Pavlov's terminology, the tears would be termed a(n):