Exam 5: Learning

Explain the difference between short-term and long-term reinforcers, and describe at least two strategies that you can use to overcome the temptation of short-term reinforcers and improve self-control.

How does the cognitive view of classical conditioning differ from the traditional behavioral perspective?

Which of the following is a valid criticism of the ethics of Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

Charlie's girlfriend dumped him when she found him flirting with another woman. Charlie no longer flirts with other women in front of his girlfriends. This is an example of:

Pavlov was the first psychologist to receive the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking research on classical conditioning.

A _____ reinforcer is one that has acquired reinforcing value by being associated with a _____ reinforcer.

Cognitive learning theorists today agree that mental processes, such as expectations and cognitive representations, play a role in operant conditioning.

Identify factors that can affect the strength of a classically conditioned response, and give examples of generalization and discrimination, higher order conditioning, extinction, and spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning.

At the beginning of the semester, the humanities instructor explains that there will be ten surprise quizzes over the semester, so students are strongly encouraged to keep up with their reading and to attend every class. The humanities instructor is using a _____ schedule of reinforcement to encourage studying and class attendance.

John B. Watson designed advertisements for Johnson & Johnson Baby Powder that intentionally tried to create anxiety in young mothers about their ability to care for their infants.

John B. Watson was a pioneer in the use of classical conditioning techniques in advertising.

You make a comment in your workgroup meetings, and a coworker responds with a sarcastic remark. You no longer speak during your workgroup meetings. This is an example of:

The vast majority of studies on media violence and aggressive behavior are correlational.

Define mirror neurons, and discuss research on the role of mirror neurons in imitation and observational learning in humans and other animals.

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Using Learning Principles to Improve Self-Control, why should you try to study in the same location?

Modern research on advertising and marketing techniques has shown that:

The conditioned response (CR) in the "Little Albert" study was the fear response to the loud clang.

Define learning and conditioning as psychologists use the terms, and give examples of three forms of learning.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Positive reinforcement strengthens the occurrence of a behavior by the removal of an aversive stimulus.