Question 1

The actions of thyroid hormones in stimulating body growth are permissive to the actions of growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Insulin is important for growth both before and after birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which is most likely TRUE of an endocrine cell that contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules?

Accepted Answer

A)  It secretes a peptide/protein hormone. 
B)  It secretes its product by diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 
C)  It secretes by endocytosis. 
D)  Its hormone product is synthesized from cholesterol. 
E)  It secretes a hormone with a hydrophobic structure. 
A)  It secretes a peptide/protein hormone. 
B)  It secretes its product by diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 
C)  It secretes by endocytosis. 
D)  Its hormone product is synthesized from cholesterol. 
E)  It secretes a hormone with a hydrophobic structure.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  somatotropin 
B)  prolactin 
C)  corticotropin 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
A)  somatotropin 
B)  prolactin 
C)  corticotropin 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 5

In order for growth to occur, the overall rate of anabolism must be greater than the overall rate of catabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which is a result of elevated thyroid hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in triglyceride storage 
B)  increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity 
C)  decreased body temperature 
D)  mental lethargy 
A)  an increase in triglyceride storage 
B)  increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity 
C)  decreased body temperature 
D)  mental lethargy

Question 7

Dietary protein is necessary to achieve normal growth in infants and children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They store large amounts of hormone. 
B)  They are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and few secretory granules. 
C)  They contain large numbers of secretory granules. 
D)  They are found in the anterior pituitary gland. 
E)  They are found in the medulla of the adrenal gland. 
A)  They store large amounts of hormone. 
B)  They are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and few secretory granules. 
C)  They contain large numbers of secretory granules. 
D)  They are found in the anterior pituitary gland. 
E)  They are found in the medulla of the adrenal gland.

Question 9

What would be the effect of a thyroid deficiency beginning in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gigantism would occur. 
B)  Acromegaly would occur. 
C)  Growth rate would be faster than normal. 
D)  Growth rate would be slower than normal. 
E)  Body temperature would be above normal. 
A)  Gigantism would occur. 
B)  Acromegaly would occur. 
C)  Growth rate would be faster than normal. 
D)  Growth rate would be slower than normal. 
E)  Body temperature would be above normal.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about hormone actions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth hormone is a tropic hormone for insulin-like growth factor 1. 
B)  Inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine is an example of short-loop negative feedback. 
C)  Somatostatin stimulates growth hormone secretion. 
D)  ACTH inhibits cortisol secretion. 
E)  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates growth hormone secretion. 
A)  Growth hormone is a tropic hormone for insulin-like growth factor 1. 
B)  Inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine is an example of short-loop negative feedback. 
C)  Somatostatin stimulates growth hormone secretion. 
D)  ACTH inhibits cortisol secretion. 
E)  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates growth hormone secretion.

Question 11

What is the definition of a prohormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones that bind to endocrine glands and stimulate the secretion of a second hormone. 
B)  Hormones that bind to endocrine glands and inhibit the secretion of a second hormone. 
C)  A longer protein or peptide that is cleaved into shorter ones, at least one of which is a peptide or protein hormone. 
D)  Hormones that stimulate the expression of receptors for a second hormone, promoting their action. 
E)  Steroid hormones that are inactivated by having hydroxyl groups removed from their structure. 
A)  Hormones that bind to endocrine glands and stimulate the secretion of a second hormone. 
B)  Hormones that bind to endocrine glands and inhibit the secretion of a second hormone. 
C)  A longer protein or peptide that is cleaved into shorter ones, at least one of which is a peptide or protein hormone. 
D)  Hormones that stimulate the expression of receptors for a second hormone, promoting their action. 
E)  Steroid hormones that are inactivated by having hydroxyl groups removed from their structure.

Question 12

Acting alone, epinephrine and thyroid hormone each stimulates release of only a small amount of fatty acids from adipose cells. In the presence of thyroid hormone, epinephrine causes a much more substantial release of fatty acids from the cells. What is the term describing the effect of thyroid hormone on epinephrine's actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic 
B)  agonistic 
C)  permissive 
D)  direct 
E)  paracrine 
A)  antagonistic 
B)  agonistic 
C)  permissive 
D)  direct 
E)  paracrine

Question 13

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus. 
B)  All hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides. 
C)  IGF-1 stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive feedback. 
D)  All of the hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides. 
E)  Only steroid hormones can regulate the secretion of steroid hormones. 
A)  Anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus. 
B)  All hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides. 
C)  IGF-1 stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive feedback. 
D)  All of the hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides. 
E)  Only steroid hormones can regulate the secretion of steroid hormones.

Question 14

The liver is a target gland of growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A chemical precursor for cortisol is ________, which is made from ________. Cortisol is secreted by ________ when stimulated by ________ from the anterior pituitary.

Accepted Answer

A)  androstenedione, progesterone, adrenal cortex, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
B)  progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
C)  testosterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D)  progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal cortex, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  estradiol, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
A)  androstenedione, progesterone, adrenal cortex, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
B)  progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
C)  testosterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D)  progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal cortex, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  estradiol, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 16

The receptors for estradiol, T3, and vasopressin are all located in the nuclei of target cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  waking from sleep 
B)  exercise 
C)  increased levels of IGF-I in blood 
D)  high plasma glucose 
E)  increased somatostatin secretion 
A)  waking from sleep 
B)  exercise 
C)  increased levels of IGF-I in blood 
D)  high plasma glucose 
E)  increased somatostatin secretion

Question 18

Which is TRUE regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol. 
B)  Thyroid hormones are catecholamines. 
C)  The hormones of the adrenal cortex have the same structure as the neurotransmitters of adrenergic neurons. 
D)  Most peptide hormones require binding proteins for transport in the blood. 
E)  Vasopressin is synthesized in the posterior pituitary. 
A)  Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol. 
B)  Thyroid hormones are catecholamines. 
C)  The hormones of the adrenal cortex have the same structure as the neurotransmitters of adrenergic neurons. 
D)  Most peptide hormones require binding proteins for transport in the blood. 
E)  Vasopressin is synthesized in the posterior pituitary.

Question 19

Which of the following hormones is NOT usually secreted at higher levels in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  gonadotropins 
C)  vasopressin 
D)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  beta-endorphin 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  gonadotropins 
C)  vasopressin 
D)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  beta-endorphin

Question 20

Which of the following statements about oxytocin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Target cells of oxytocin have receptors for the hormone in their nucleus. 
B)  Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. 
C)  Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 
D)  Oxytocin's main function is to increase the rate of respiration. 
E)  Oxytocin keeps uterine smooth muscle from contracting, so it prolongs pregnancy. 
A)  Target cells of oxytocin have receptors for the hormone in their nucleus. 
B)  Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. 
C)  Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 
D)  Oxytocin's main function is to increase the rate of respiration. 
E)  Oxytocin keeps uterine smooth muscle from contracting, so it prolongs pregnancy.

The actions of thyroid hormones in stimulating body growth are permissive to the actions of growth hormone.

Insulin is important for growth both before and after birth.

Which is most likely TRUE of an endocrine cell that contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules?

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

In order for growth to occur, the overall rate of anabolism must be greater than the overall rate of catabolism.

Which is a result of elevated thyroid hormone levels?

Dietary protein is necessary to achieve normal growth in infants and children.

Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?

What would be the effect of a thyroid deficiency beginning in infancy?

Which of the following statements about hormone actions is correct?

What is the definition of a prohormone?

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

The liver is a target gland of growth hormone.

A chemical precursor for cortisol is , which is made from . Cortisol is secreted by when stimulated by from the anterior pituitary.

The receptors for estradiol, T₃, and vasopressin are all located in the nuclei of target cells.

Which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone?

Which is TRUE regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones?

Which of the following hormones is NOT usually secreted at higher levels in response to stress?

Which of the following statements about oxytocin is TRUE?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 11: The Endocrine System

The actions of thyroid hormones in stimulating body growth are permissive to the actions of growth hormone.

Insulin is important for growth both before and after birth.

Which is most likely TRUE of an endocrine cell that contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules?

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

In order for growth to occur, the overall rate of anabolism must be greater than the overall rate of catabolism.

Which is a result of elevated thyroid hormone levels?

Dietary protein is necessary to achieve normal growth in infants and children.

Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?

What would be the effect of a thyroid deficiency beginning in infancy?

Which of the following statements about hormone actions is correct?

What is the definition of a prohormone?

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

The liver is a target gland of growth hormone.

A chemical precursor for cortisol is ________, which is made from ________. Cortisol is secreted by ________ when stimulated by ________ from the anterior pituitary.

The receptors for estradiol, T3, and vasopressin are all located in the nuclei of target cells.

Which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone?

Which is TRUE regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones?

Which of the following hormones is NOT usually secreted at higher levels in response to stress?

Which of the following statements about oxytocin is TRUE?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

A chemical precursor for cortisol is , which is made from . Cortisol is secreted by when stimulated by from the anterior pituitary.

The receptors for estradiol, T₃, and vasopressin are all located in the nuclei of target cells.