Question 1

Which is NOT an endocrine function performed by the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  secreting insulin-like growth factor 1 
B)  clearing hormones from plasma 
C)  secreting angiotensinogen 
D)  producing plasma proteins that bind hormones 
E)  secreting insulin 
A)  secreting insulin-like growth factor 1 
B)  clearing hormones from plasma 
C)  secreting angiotensinogen 
D)  producing plasma proteins that bind hormones 
E)  secreting insulin

Question 2

Which would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked the vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) would decrease and the adrenal cortex would atrophy 
B)  secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy 
C)  secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) would decrease 
D)  secretion of prolactin would decrease 
E)  secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would increase 
A)  secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) would decrease and the adrenal cortex would atrophy 
B)  secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy 
C)  secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) would decrease 
D)  secretion of prolactin would decrease 
E)  secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would increase

Question 3

Which is a characteristic of hydrophobic hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They mostly bind to receptor proteins in the surface membrane of target cells. 
B)  They are generally polar molecules. 
C)  They usually have very rapid effects on target cells. 
D)  Their mechanism of action generally involves altering protein synthesis. 
E)  They are highly soluble in blood plasma. 
A)  They mostly bind to receptor proteins in the surface membrane of target cells. 
B)  They are generally polar molecules. 
C)  They usually have very rapid effects on target cells. 
D)  Their mechanism of action generally involves altering protein synthesis. 
E)  They are highly soluble in blood plasma.

Question 4

A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic hormone."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which is part of the endocrine reponse to stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary 
B)  increased secretion of corticotropin from the hypothalamus 
C)  increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the hypothalamus 
D)  negative feedback to the adrenal cortex by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  decreased secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) by the hypothalamus 
A)  increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary 
B)  increased secretion of corticotropin from the hypothalamus 
C)  increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the hypothalamus 
D)  negative feedback to the adrenal cortex by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  decreased secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) by the hypothalamus

Question 6

Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect to stimulate the increased resorption of bone when plasma Ca2+ levels decrease?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  cortisol 
E)  insulin 
A)  thyroxine 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  cortisol 
E)  insulin

Question 7

Which is most likely a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  acromegaly 
B)  dwarfism 
C)  decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I 
D)  decreased secretion of somatostatin 
E)  increased secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) 
A)  acromegaly 
B)  dwarfism 
C)  decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I 
D)  decreased secretion of somatostatin 
E)  increased secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 8

Which is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the bone-degrading activity of osteoclasts 
B)  decreases reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys 
C)  promotes vitamin D synthesis, leading to increased intestinal absorption of calcium 
D)  increases plasma [Ca2+] 
E)  decreases reabsorption of phosphate by the kidneys 
A)  increases the bone-degrading activity of osteoclasts 
B)  decreases reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys 
C)  promotes vitamin D synthesis, leading to increased intestinal absorption of calcium 
D)  increases plasma [Ca2+] 
E)  decreases reabsorption of phosphate by the kidneys

Question 9

Depressed levels of thyroid hormones in blood resulting from a defect in the cells that secrete TSH is an example of primary hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones is generally via the stimulation or inhibition of specific DNA-dependent protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A patient appears in a clinic complaining of irritability and chronic sweatiness. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary hypothyroidism 
B)  an iodine-insufficient diet 
C)  secondary hypothyroidism 
D)  hyposecretion of TRH 
E)  Graves' disease 
A)  primary hypothyroidism 
B)  an iodine-insufficient diet 
C)  secondary hypothyroidism 
D)  hyposecretion of TRH 
E)  Graves' disease

Question 12

Which is an accurate description of the posterior pituitary and its functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is glandular tissue and secretes vasopressin and prolactin. 
B)  It is neural tissue and is stimulated to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin by hypophysiotropic hormones. 
C)  It is neural tissue, and vesicles containing oxytocin and vasopressin are transported to axon terminals there. 
D)  It is glandular tissue and releases oxytocin and somatostatin when action potentials arrive along axons from the hypothalamus. 
E)  It is neural tissue that secretes hypophysiotropic hormones that control the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones. 
A)  It is glandular tissue and secretes vasopressin and prolactin. 
B)  It is neural tissue and is stimulated to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin by hypophysiotropic hormones. 
C)  It is neural tissue, and vesicles containing oxytocin and vasopressin are transported to axon terminals there. 
D)  It is glandular tissue and releases oxytocin and somatostatin when action potentials arrive along axons from the hypothalamus. 
E)  It is neural tissue that secretes hypophysiotropic hormones that control the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones.

Question 13

Which does NOT apply to hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream. 
B)  In some cases, the same chemical substances can also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters. 
C)  All hormones are derived from cholesterol. 
D)  They are secreted into the blood by ductless glands. 
E)  They are sometimes secreted by neural tissue. 
A)  They are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream. 
B)  In some cases, the same chemical substances can also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters. 
C)  All hormones are derived from cholesterol. 
D)  They are secreted into the blood by ductless glands. 
E)  They are sometimes secreted by neural tissue.

Question 14

A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold. She also has a noticeable goiter in her neck. Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis and cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to destruction of thyrotrope cells of her anterior pituitary gland. 
B)  She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to Graves' disease. 
C)  She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to low iodine in her diet. 
D)  She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to a hypersecreting tumor of the anterior pituitary gland. 
A)  She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to destruction of thyrotrope cells of her anterior pituitary gland. 
B)  She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to Graves' disease. 
C)  She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to low iodine in her diet. 
D)  She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to a hypersecreting tumor of the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 15

If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production. 
B)  The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced. 
C)  The hypothalamus will secrete less CRH. 
D)  The subject will remain euthyroid. 
E)  There will be increased negative feedback on growth hormone by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). 
A)  The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production. 
B)  The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced. 
C)  The hypothalamus will secrete less CRH. 
D)  The subject will remain euthyroid. 
E)  There will be increased negative feedback on growth hormone by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).

Question 16

In bone, osteoblasts serve mainly to dissolve bone and mobilize Ca2+.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pituitary growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The liver produces a factor that mediates the metabolic actions of GH. 
B)  GH stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production by the liver and by many other cells. 
C)  GH increases the sensitivity of tissues to the action of insulin. 
D)  GH exerts negative feedback on its own production by inhibiting the hypothalamic secretion of somatostatin. 
E)  IGF-1 stimulates the secretion of GH by anterior pituitary gland cells. 
A)  The liver produces a factor that mediates the metabolic actions of GH. 
B)  GH stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production by the liver and by many other cells. 
C)  GH increases the sensitivity of tissues to the action of insulin. 
D)  GH exerts negative feedback on its own production by inhibiting the hypothalamic secretion of somatostatin. 
E)  IGF-1 stimulates the secretion of GH by anterior pituitary gland cells.

Question 18

A child's growth would be stunted by thyroid hormone deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol during stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  gluconeogenesis 
B)  protein catabolism 
C)  glucose uptake into muscle cells 
D)  triglyceride catabolism in adipose cells 
E)  decreased sensitivity to insulin 
A)  gluconeogenesis 
B)  protein catabolism 
C)  glucose uptake into muscle cells 
D)  triglyceride catabolism in adipose cells 
E)  decreased sensitivity to insulin

Question 20

Which is TRUE about hormone binding to the proteins found in plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroid hormones do not bind to plasma proteins. 
B)  The binding proteins that transport hormones are hormones themselves. 
C)  The tighter that a hormone binds to a carrier protein in the plasma, the faster the body can usually get rid of that hormone. 
D)  Hydrophobic hormones like steroid and thyroid hormones need binding proteins because they are not very soluble in the blood plasma. 
E)  Only peptide-type hormones can bind to the carrier proteins found in the plasma. 
A)  Steroid hormones do not bind to plasma proteins. 
B)  The binding proteins that transport hormones are hormones themselves. 
C)  The tighter that a hormone binds to a carrier protein in the plasma, the faster the body can usually get rid of that hormone. 
D)  Hydrophobic hormones like steroid and thyroid hormones need binding proteins because they are not very soluble in the blood plasma. 
E)  Only peptide-type hormones can bind to the carrier proteins found in the plasma.

Which is NOT an endocrine function performed by the liver?

Which would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked the vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Which is a characteristic of hydrophobic hormones?

A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic hormone."

Which is part of the endocrine reponse to stress?

Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect to stimulate the increased resorption of bone when plasma Ca²⁺ levels decrease?

Which is most likely a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone?

Which is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone?

Depressed levels of thyroid hormones in blood resulting from a defect in the cells that secrete TSH is an example of primary hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.

The mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones is generally via the stimulation or inhibition of specific DNA-dependent protein synthesis.

A patient appears in a clinic complaining of irritability and chronic sweatiness. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which is an accurate description of the posterior pituitary and its functions?

Which does NOT apply to hormones?

A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold. She also has a noticeable goiter in her neck. Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis and cause?

If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?

In bone, osteoblasts serve mainly to dissolve bone and mobilize Ca²⁺.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pituitary growth hormone (GH)?

A child's growth would be stunted by thyroid hormone deficiency.

Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol during stress?

Which is TRUE about hormone binding to the proteins found in plasma?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 11: The Endocrine System

Which is NOT an endocrine function performed by the liver?

Which would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked the vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Which is a characteristic of hydrophobic hormones?

A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic hormone."

Which is part of the endocrine reponse to stress?

Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect to stimulate the increased resorption of bone when plasma Ca2+ levels decrease?

Which is most likely a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone?

Which is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone?

Depressed levels of thyroid hormones in blood resulting from a defect in the cells that secrete TSH is an example of primary hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.

The mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones is generally via the stimulation or inhibition of specific DNA-dependent protein synthesis.

A patient appears in a clinic complaining of irritability and chronic sweatiness. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which is an accurate description of the posterior pituitary and its functions?

Which does NOT apply to hormones?

A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold. She also has a noticeable goiter in her neck. Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis and cause?

If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?

In bone, osteoblasts serve mainly to dissolve bone and mobilize Ca2+.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pituitary growth hormone (GH)?

A child's growth would be stunted by thyroid hormone deficiency.

Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol during stress?

Which is TRUE about hormone binding to the proteins found in plasma?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect to stimulate the increased resorption of bone when plasma Ca²⁺ levels decrease?

In bone, osteoblasts serve mainly to dissolve bone and mobilize Ca²⁺.