Question 1

The pituitary portal circulation refers to the blood vessels linking the anterior pituitary with the target glands of anterior pituitary hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Short-loop negative feedback occurs when hormones from the ______________ inhibit hormone secretion by the ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus; anterior pituitary 
B)  adrenal cortex; hypothalamus 
C)  anterior pituitary; hypothalamus 
D)  adrenal cortex; anterior pituitary 
E)  anterior pituitary; adrenal cortex 
A)  hypothalamus; anterior pituitary 
B)  adrenal cortex; hypothalamus 
C)  anterior pituitary; hypothalamus 
D)  adrenal cortex; anterior pituitary 
E)  anterior pituitary; adrenal cortex

Question 3

The adrenal cortex secretes androgens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which is NOT true about receptors for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be proteins found in the nucleus. 
B)  They undergo allosteric modulation when they bind to the hormone. 
C)  They regulate gene transcription. 
D)  They may be found in the nucleus. 
E)  They are synthesized from cholesterol. 
A)  They may be proteins found in the nucleus. 
B)  They undergo allosteric modulation when they bind to the hormone. 
C)  They regulate gene transcription. 
D)  They may be found in the nucleus. 
E)  They are synthesized from cholesterol.

Question 5

Which would result from a vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalcemia 
B)  an increase in bone mass 
C)  an increase in parathyroid hormone levels 
D)  increased intestinal absorption of calcium 
A)  hypercalcemia 
B)  an increase in bone mass 
C)  an increase in parathyroid hormone levels 
D)  increased intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 6

Which is a hormonal response to a stressful situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative feedback from cortisol increases secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
B)  Secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland is decreased. 
C)  Negative feedback from cortisol increases the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). 
D)  Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decrease. 
E)  Plasma levels of cortisol increase. 
A)  Negative feedback from cortisol increases secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
B)  Secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland is decreased. 
C)  Negative feedback from cortisol increases the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). 
D)  Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decrease. 
E)  Plasma levels of cortisol increase.

Question 7

In cases where the plasma concentration of an ion or nutrient affects the secretion rate of a hormone, the affected hormone is usually a regulator of the homeostasis of that ion or nutrient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Steroid hormones are stored in the cells that synthesize them until a stimulus is received that provokes their secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which correctly lists a function of estrogens in females and testosterone in males?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prevent the pubertal growth spurt. 
B)  They are responsible for epiphyseal plate closure. 
C)  They stimulate the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
D)  They stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). 
E)  They stimulate the reabsorption of bone. 
A)  They prevent the pubertal growth spurt. 
B)  They are responsible for epiphyseal plate closure. 
C)  They stimulate the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
D)  They stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). 
E)  They stimulate the reabsorption of bone.

Question 10

Which are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasopressin and dopamine 
B)  corticotropin and dopamine 
C)  oxytocin and prolactin 
D)  vasopressin and corticotropin 
E)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin 
A)  vasopressin and dopamine 
B)  corticotropin and dopamine 
C)  oxytocin and prolactin 
D)  vasopressin and corticotropin 
E)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 11

In general, the metabolism and excretion rates of steroid hormones are higher than those of peptide hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of pituitary growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It directly promotes protein anabolism in many cells. 
B)  It causes differentiation of precursor cells that then respond to IGF-I by proliferating. 
C)  Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults leads to acromegaly. 
D)  It is absent or deficient in pituitary dwarfs. 
E)  It is necessary for fetal growth. 
A)  It directly promotes protein anabolism in many cells. 
B)  It causes differentiation of precursor cells that then respond to IGF-I by proliferating. 
C)  Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults leads to acromegaly. 
D)  It is absent or deficient in pituitary dwarfs. 
E)  It is necessary for fetal growth.

Question 13

Most amine and peptide hormones circulate in the plasma as free hormones, whereas steroid hormones are mostly bound to circulating binding proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of these describes secondary hypersecretion of hormone X?

Accepted Answer

A)  A growing tumor secretes hormone Y, which stimulates the gland that secretes hormone X. 
B)  Cells of a growing tumor manufacture hormone X in unregulated fashion. 
C)  Negative feedback from a tumor that hypersecretes hormone Z inhibits the gland that secretes hormone X. 
D)  Hormone X is secreted by a growing tumor that is in the anterior pituitary gland. 
E)  Hormone X is secreted in unregulated fashion by a tumor growing in a tissue that does not normally secrete hormone X. 
A)  A growing tumor secretes hormone Y, which stimulates the gland that secretes hormone X. 
B)  Cells of a growing tumor manufacture hormone X in unregulated fashion. 
C)  Negative feedback from a tumor that hypersecretes hormone Z inhibits the gland that secretes hormone X. 
D)  Hormone X is secreted by a growing tumor that is in the anterior pituitary gland. 
E)  Hormone X is secreted in unregulated fashion by a tumor growing in a tissue that does not normally secrete hormone X.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is one of two major regulatory systems of the body. 
B)  It is composed of glands that secrete chemical messengers into the blood. 
C)  It is an important regulator of homeostatic mechanisms. 
D)  It influences and is influenced by the nervous system. 
E)  Most of its components are anatomically connected, like most other systems of the body. 
A)  It is one of two major regulatory systems of the body. 
B)  It is composed of glands that secrete chemical messengers into the blood. 
C)  It is an important regulator of homeostatic mechanisms. 
D)  It influences and is influenced by the nervous system. 
E)  Most of its components are anatomically connected, like most other systems of the body.

Question 16

What term describes hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factors 
B)  paracrine factors 
C)  hypophysiotropic hormones 
D)  metabotrobic-releasing factors 
E)  cerebrovitalistic hormones 
A)  growth factors 
B)  paracrine factors 
C)  hypophysiotropic hormones 
D)  metabotrobic-releasing factors 
E)  cerebrovitalistic hormones

Question 17

The concentration of a hormone in the blood can affect the number of receptors for that hormone on or in a target cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions, nutrients, and other hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Ovaries synthesize as much androgen as they do estrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism). 
B)  a slowing of mental functions. 
C)  a low metabolic rate. 
D)  a goiter. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism). 
B)  a slowing of mental functions. 
C)  a low metabolic rate. 
D)  a goiter. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

The pituitary portal circulation refers to the blood vessels linking the anterior pituitary with the target glands of anterior pituitary hormones.

Short-loop negative feedback occurs when hormones from the inhibit hormone secretion by the .

The adrenal cortex secretes androgens.

Which is NOT true about receptors for steroid hormones?

Which would result from a vitamin D deficiency?

Which is a hormonal response to a stressful situation?

In cases where the plasma concentration of an ion or nutrient affects the secretion rate of a hormone, the affected hormone is usually a regulator of the homeostasis of that ion or nutrient.

Steroid hormones are stored in the cells that synthesize them until a stimulus is received that provokes their secretion.

Which correctly lists a function of estrogens in females and testosterone in males?

Which are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

In general, the metabolism and excretion rates of steroid hormones are higher than those of peptide hormones.

Which of the following is NOT true of pituitary growth hormone?

Most amine and peptide hormones circulate in the plasma as free hormones, whereas steroid hormones are mostly bound to circulating binding proteins.

Which of these describes secondary hypersecretion of hormone X?

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the endocrine system?

What term describes hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

The concentration of a hormone in the blood can affect the number of receptors for that hormone on or in a target cell.

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions, nutrients, and other hormones.

Ovaries synthesize as much androgen as they do estrogen.

A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause:

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 11: The Endocrine System

The pituitary portal circulation refers to the blood vessels linking the anterior pituitary with the target glands of anterior pituitary hormones.

Short-loop negative feedback occurs when hormones from the ______________ inhibit hormone secretion by the ______________.

The adrenal cortex secretes androgens.

Which is NOT true about receptors for steroid hormones?

Which would result from a vitamin D deficiency?

Which is a hormonal response to a stressful situation?

In cases where the plasma concentration of an ion or nutrient affects the secretion rate of a hormone, the affected hormone is usually a regulator of the homeostasis of that ion or nutrient.

Steroid hormones are stored in the cells that synthesize them until a stimulus is received that provokes their secretion.

Which correctly lists a function of estrogens in females and testosterone in males?

Which are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

In general, the metabolism and excretion rates of steroid hormones are higher than those of peptide hormones.

Which of the following is NOT true of pituitary growth hormone?

Most amine and peptide hormones circulate in the plasma as free hormones, whereas steroid hormones are mostly bound to circulating binding proteins.

Which of these describes secondary hypersecretion of hormone X?

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the endocrine system?

What term describes hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

The concentration of a hormone in the blood can affect the number of receptors for that hormone on or in a target cell.

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions, nutrients, and other hormones.

Ovaries synthesize as much androgen as they do estrogen.

A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause:

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Short-loop negative feedback occurs when hormones from the inhibit hormone secretion by the .