Exam 20: A: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of roses after roses are presented with electric shock. In this fictional example, the presentation of the roses is the

Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of one particular tone and not to other tones. This illustrates the process of

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone, he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food. As a result, ________ occurred.

If a ringing bell causes a dog to salivate because the bell has been regularly associated with food in the mouth, the UR is the

Which of the following did Pavlov use as a neutral stimulus in his studies of salivation?

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

When given a red pen rather than a black pen for correcting essays, people spot more errors. This best illustrates the subtle impact of

One form of cognitive learning is called

A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to enter 20 elevators a day. The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is called

John B. Watson emphasized that

The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. In this example, fear of the white rat was the

In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered salivation in a dog. The food in the dog's mouth was the

When a CS is not paired with a US, the subsequent fading of a CR is called

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

Little Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was paired with a loud noise. In this case, the loud noise was the

Long after being bitten by a stray dog, Alonzo found that his fear of dogs seemed to have disappeared. To his surprise, however, when he was recently confronted by a stray dog, he experienced a sudden twinge of anxiety. This sudden anxiety best illustrates

Alexis is addicted to drugs. The room in which she usually takes them is likely to become a(n) ________ for drug cravings.

The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called