Exam 27: Thinking

If you want to be absolutely certain that you will find the solution to a problem you know is solvable, you should use

A common problem in everyday reasoning is our tendency to

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem-strategy best illustrates

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop

The value of making a good first impression when you begin work for a new employer is best underscored by the research on

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the effect of

Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________.

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiments, the chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a longer stick, which he then used to reach a piece of fruit. The chimpanzee appeared to display

We fear too little those events that will claim lives

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

When forming a concept, people often develop a best example, or ________, of a category.

When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates

One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve

By learning to classify cats and dogs, monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called