Question 1

Studies of role playing most directly highlight the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  group size on social loafing. 
B)  personal anonymity on deindividuation. 
C)  an audience on social facilitation. 
D)  actions on attitudes. 
A)  group size on social loafing. 
B)  personal anonymity on deindividuation. 
C)  an audience on social facilitation. 
D)  actions on attitudes. D

Question 2

A tendency to overestimate the extent to which a stranger's violent behavior stems from his or her aggressive personality best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the frustration-aggression principle. 
B)  the mere exposure effect. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  deindividuation. 
A)  the frustration-aggression principle. 
B)  the mere exposure effect. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  deindividuation. C

Question 3

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called

Accepted Answer

A)  roles. 
B)  norms. 
C)  attitudes. 
D)  attributions. 
A)  roles. 
B)  norms. 
C)  attitudes. 
D)  attributions. C

Question 4

The fundamental attribution error is most likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people

Accepted Answer

A)  are victims of discrimination. 
B)  are irresponsible and unmotivated. 
C)  have parents who provided poor models of social responsibility. 
D)  attended schools that provided an inferior education. 
A)  are victims of discrimination. 
B)  are irresponsible and unmotivated. 
C)  have parents who provided poor models of social responsibility. 
D)  attended schools that provided an inferior education.

Question 5

To analyze how people explain others' behavior, Fritz Heider developed

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
B)  social exchange theory. 
C)  attribution theory. 
D)  self-disclosure theory. 
A)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
B)  social exchange theory. 
C)  attribution theory. 
D)  self-disclosure theory.

Question 6

Reversing the perspectives of actor and observer reduces ________ among observers.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-disclosure 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  superordinate goals 
D)  the fundamental attribution error 
A)  self-disclosure 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  superordinate goals 
D)  the fundamental attribution error

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the

Accepted Answer

A)  mere exposure effect. 
B)  fundamental attribution error. 
C)  foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  bystander effect. 
A)  mere exposure effect. 
B)  fundamental attribution error. 
C)  foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  bystander effect.

Question 8

A life insurance salesperson who takes advantage of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasize that his company is one of the largest in the insurance industry. 
B)  promise a free gift to those who agree to purchase an insurance policy. 
C)  ask customers to respond to a brief survey of their attitudes regarding life insurance. 
D)  address customers by their first names. 
A)  emphasize that his company is one of the largest in the insurance industry. 
B)  promise a free gift to those who agree to purchase an insurance policy. 
C)  ask customers to respond to a brief survey of their attitudes regarding life insurance. 
D)  address customers by their first names.

Question 9

After giving in to her friends' request that she drink alcohol with them, 16-year-old Jessica found that she couldn't resist the pressure they exerted on her to try cocaine. Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  ingroup bias. 
B)  the mere exposure effect. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  the bystander effect. 
A)  ingroup bias. 
B)  the mere exposure effect. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  the bystander effect.

Question 10

During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration-aggression theory 
B)  attribution theory 
C)  social exchange theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance theory 
A)  frustration-aggression theory 
B)  attribution theory 
C)  social exchange theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance theory

Question 11

You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why

Accepted Answer

A)  you failed a college test. 
B)  a classmate you don't know was late for class. 
C)  your professor gave a boring lecture. 
D)  the college administration decided to raise next year's tuition costs. 
A)  you failed a college test. 
B)  a classmate you don't know was late for class. 
C)  your professor gave a boring lecture. 
D)  the college administration decided to raise next year's tuition costs.

Question 12

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the bystander effect. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  deindividuation. 
D)  the mere exposure effect. 
A)  the bystander effect. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  deindividuation. 
D)  the mere exposure effect.

Question 13

Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead, they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the reciprocity norm. 
B)  central route persuasion. 
C)  normative social influence. 
D)  deindividuation. 
A)  the reciprocity norm. 
B)  central route persuasion. 
C)  normative social influence. 
D)  deindividuation.

Question 14

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to

Accepted Answer

A)  deindividuation. 
B)  social facilitation. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  situational attributions. 
A)  deindividuation. 
B)  social facilitation. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  situational attributions.

Question 15

One explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers'

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  limited visual perspective. 
C)  social-responsibility norm. 
D)  mirror-image perceptions. 
A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  limited visual perspective. 
C)  social-responsibility norm. 
D)  mirror-image perceptions.

Question 16

Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  informational social influence. 
B)  peripheral route persuasion. 
C)  superordinate goals. 
D)  social facilitation. 
A)  informational social influence. 
B)  peripheral route persuasion. 
C)  superordinate goals. 
D)  social facilitation.

Question 17

Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  reflected her personal disposition. 
B)  was situationally determined. 
C)  demonstrated role playing. 
D)  illustrated normative social influence. 
A)  reflected her personal disposition. 
B)  was situationally determined. 
C)  demonstrated role playing. 
D)  illustrated normative social influence.

Question 18

Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we

Accepted Answer

A)  experience a sense of deindividuation. 
B)  feel incompetent or insecure. 
C)  can easily recall our attitudes. 
D)  are exposed to normative social influence. 
A)  experience a sense of deindividuation. 
B)  feel incompetent or insecure. 
C)  can easily recall our attitudes. 
D)  are exposed to normative social influence.

Question 19

Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behaviors is most likely to minimize

Accepted Answer

A)  passionate love. 
B)  social facilitation. 
C)  the mere exposure effect. 
D)  the fundamental attribution error. 
A)  passionate love. 
B)  social facilitation. 
C)  the mere exposure effect. 
D)  the fundamental attribution error.

Question 20

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  "Patricia's brakes must have failed." 
B)  "Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble." 
C)  "Patricia's children probably distracted her." 
D)  "The road must have been wet and slippery." 
A)  "Patricia's brakes must have failed." 
B)  "Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble." 
C)  "Patricia's children probably distracted her." 
D)  "The road must have been wet and slippery."

Exam 43: A: Social Thinking

Studies of role playing most directly highlight the effects of

A tendency to overestimate the extent to which a stranger's violent behavior stems from his or her aggressive personality best illustrates

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called

The fundamental attribution error is most likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people

To analyze how people explain others' behavior, Fritz Heider developed

Reversing the perspectives of actor and observer reduces ________ among observers.

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the

A life insurance salesperson who takes advantage of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon would be most likely to

After giving in to her friends' request that she drink alcohol with them, 16-year-old Jessica found that she couldn't resist the pressure they exerted on her to try cocaine. Her experience best illustrates

You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called

Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead, they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to

One explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers'

Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates

Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior

Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we

Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behaviors is most likely to minimize

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude

The Story of Psychology

A: the Story of Psychology

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

A: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

Research Strategies

A: Research Strategies

Neural and Hormonal Systems

A: Neural and Hormonal Systems

Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures

A: Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures

The Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain

A: the Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain

Brain States and Consciousness

A: Brain States and Consciousness

Sleep and Dreams

A: Sleep and Dreams

Hypnosis

A: Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

A: Drugs and Consciousness

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

A: Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences

A: Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences

Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development

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Infancy and Childhood

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Adolescence

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Adulthood

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Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception

A: Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception

Vision and Perceptual Organization and Interpretation

A: Vision and Perceptual Organization and Interpretation

The Nonvisual Senses

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Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

A: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

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Effects of Biology and Cognition

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Studying and Building Memories

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Storage- Retaining Information in the Brain

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Retrieval

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Forgetting, Memory Construction

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Thinking

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Language and Thought

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Introduction to Intelligence

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Assessing Intelligence

A: Assessing Intelligence