Exam 42: Trait Theories, Social-Cognitive Theories, and the Self

Tonya demonstrates personality traits at parties with her friends that are very different from those she exhibits when she participates in class activities. Using your knowledge of both the person-situation controversy and reciprocal determinism, explain why the variability of Tonya's behavior in different situations is not surprising.

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Question 1

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The variability of Tonya's behavior in different situations is not surprising because it can be explained by the person-situation controversy and reciprocal determinism. The person-situation controversy suggests that a person's behavior is influenced by both their individual traits and the specific situation they are in. In Tonya's case, her behavior at parties with friends may be influenced by her desire to be social and outgoing, while her behavior in class activities may be influenced by her desire to be focused and attentive.

Reciprocal determinism, on the other hand, suggests that a person's behavior is influenced by the interaction between their individual traits, the specific situation, and their behavior itself. This means that Tonya's behavior at parties and in class activities is not only influenced by her personality traits and the specific situations, but also by how her behavior in one situation may influence her behavior in another.

Therefore, the variability of Tonya's behavior in different situations can be explained by the complex interplay between her individual traits, the specific situations she finds herself in, and the reciprocal influence of her behavior on her future behavior. This understanding helps to explain why Tonya may exhibit very different personality traits at parties with friends compared to when she participates in class activities.

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates

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Social-cognitive theories are LEAST likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

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Question 3

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Larry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to get a job after graduation. Larry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of

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Question 4

Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

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Question 5

The perception that our fate is determined by luck reflects

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Question 6

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates

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Question 7

The process by which people learn a sense of personal control or personal helplessness has been most strongly emphasized by

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Question 8

People who take personality inventories can lie in order to create a good impression. This best illustrates that the objectivity in scoring personality inventories does not guarantee that they

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Question 9

The behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner emphasized that people are largely controlled by forces outside themselves. Critique the practical implications of personally accepting Skinner's position in light of contemporary research on locus of control and learned helplessness.

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Question 10

Which personality theory emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping personality?

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Question 11

Our ignorance of what we don't know helps to sustain

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Question 12

People's scores on a test of extraversion are likely to be most strongly correlated with the number of social conversations they initiate during the course of a single

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Question 13

With which of the following statements would a social-cognitive psychologist agree?

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Question 14

Frida was informed by a professional palm reader: "You generally communicate openly with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess." The fact that Frida was impressed by the palm reader's insight into her personality best illustrates

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Question 15

Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed

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Question 16

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

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Question 17

Narcissism refers to excessive

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Question 18

Regarding high self-esteem, psychologists who study the self have found that self-affirming thinking

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Question 19

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 137

Exam 42: Trait Theories, Social-Cognitive Theories, and the Self

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates

Social-cognitive theories are LEAST likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

Larry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to get a job after graduation. Larry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of

Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

The perception that our fate is determined by luck reflects

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates

The process by which people learn a sense of personal control or personal helplessness has been most strongly emphasized by

People who take personality inventories can lie in order to create a good impression. This best illustrates that the objectivity in scoring personality inventories does not guarantee that they

The behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner emphasized that people are largely controlled by forces outside themselves. Critique the practical implications of personally accepting Skinner's position in light of contemporary research on locus of control and learned helplessness.

Which personality theory emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping personality?

Our ignorance of what we don't know helps to sustain

People's scores on a test of extraversion are likely to be most strongly correlated with the number of social conversations they initiate during the course of a single

With which of the following statements would a social-cognitive psychologist agree?

Frida was informed by a professional palm reader: "You generally communicate openly with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess." The fact that Frida was impressed by the palm reader's insight into her personality best illustrates

Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

Narcissism refers to excessive

Regarding high self-esteem, psychologists who study the self have found that self-affirming thinking

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

The Story of Psychology

A: the Story of Psychology

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

A: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

Research Strategies

A: Research Strategies

Neural and Hormonal Systems

A: Neural and Hormonal Systems

Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures

A: Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures

The Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain

A: the Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain

Brain States and Consciousness

A: Brain States and Consciousness

Sleep and Dreams

A: Sleep and Dreams

Hypnosis

A: Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

A: Drugs and Consciousness

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

A: Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences

A: Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences

Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development

A: Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development

Infancy and Childhood

A: Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

A: Adolescence

Adulthood

A: Adulthood

Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception

A: Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception

Vision and Perceptual Organization and Interpretation

A: Vision and Perceptual Organization and Interpretation

The Nonvisual Senses

A: the Nonvisual Senses

Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

A: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

A: Operant Conditioning

Effects of Biology and Cognition

A: Effects of Biology and Cognition

Studying and Building Memories

A: Studying and Building Memories

Storage- Retaining Information in the Brain

A: Storage A: Retaining Information in the Brain

Retrieval

A: Retrieval

Forgetting, Memory Construction

A: Forgetting, Memory Construction

Thinking

A: Thinking

Language and Thought

A: Language and Thought

Introduction to Intelligence

A: Introduction to Intelligence

Assessing Intelligence

A: Assessing Intelligence