Question 1

The biotic potential representing growth without limits at its maximal rate is indicated by what symbol?

Accepted Answer

A) ri 
B) N 
C) K 
D) dN/dt 
E) N/K 
A) ri 
B) N 
C) K 
D) dN/dt 
E) N/K A

Question 2

Species that have a delayed reproductive stage,are competing for limited resources,and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing large offspring show ________ adaptations.

Accepted Answer

A) K-selected 
B) r-selected 
A) K-selected 
B) r-selected A

Question 3

You construct a life table for a plant species and find that in all cases about the same proportion of the cohort survive to the beginning of the next time interval.What would you call this?

Accepted Answer

A) a Type I survivorship curve 
B) a Type II survivorship curve 
C) a Type III survivorship curve 
D) a semelparous life history adaptation 
E) populations regulated by density-independent events 
A) a Type I survivorship curve 
B) a Type II survivorship curve 
C) a Type III survivorship curve 
D) a semelparous life history adaptation 
E) populations regulated by density-independent events B

Question 4

A small group of mice were released on an island.The island previously had no mice on it,but had abundant food and no predators.After several years of growth,the size of the new island population stabilizes.However,at this point a hurricane drastically reduces the population.How would you describe the situation?

Accepted Answer

A) The biotic potential of the population has been reduced. 
B) The new population size is a result of density-dependent regulation. 
C) The new population size is a result of density-independent regulation. 
D) The island mouse population can now act as a sink metapopulation. 
E) The island mouse population can now act as a source metapopulation. 
A) The biotic potential of the population has been reduced. 
B) The new population size is a result of density-dependent regulation. 
C) The new population size is a result of density-independent regulation. 
D) The island mouse population can now act as a sink metapopulation. 
E) The island mouse population can now act as a source metapopulation.

Question 5

A graduate student is studying the feeding behavior of a small octopus that must be laboriously collected from the shores of a remote island.Her intern wishes to do experiments to look at the octopus's mating behavior.Why might the graduate student veto this idea?

Accepted Answer

A) The octopus has semelparous reproduction,and will eat its mate. 
B) The octopus has iteroparous reproduction,and will eat its mate. 
C) The octopus has semelparous reproduction,and will die after laying one batch of eggs. 
D) The octopus has iteroparous reproduction,and will die after laying one batch of eggs. 
A) The octopus has semelparous reproduction,and will eat its mate. 
B) The octopus has iteroparous reproduction,and will eat its mate. 
C) The octopus has semelparous reproduction,and will die after laying one batch of eggs. 
D) The octopus has iteroparous reproduction,and will die after laying one batch of eggs.

Question 6

There are not many species of fish living deep in the oceans,but the deep-sea fish occasionally pulled up by fisherman have been bizarre creatures,such as the deep-sea anglerfish with its giant fangs and bioluminescent lure.Why have these fascinating deep-sea fish never been shown live on exhibit in an aquarium?

Accepted Answer

A) Their diet is too specialized. 
B) They are adapted to cold temperatures and total darkness. 
C) They might frighten visitors. 
D) They are adapted for high pressure,and will die at low pressure. 
A) Their diet is too specialized. 
B) They are adapted to cold temperatures and total darkness. 
C) They might frighten visitors. 
D) They are adapted for high pressure,and will die at low pressure.

Question 7

During the late 1800s,cattle egrets arrived in South America from Africa and began to colonize.Their range has expanded dramatically over the years.Why were they able to do this?

Accepted Answer

A) The habitats that they left in Africa were not suitable for any further colonization; thus,they were forced to emigrate. 
B) The habitats that they encountered in South America were suitable to them and unoccupied. 
C) There were abundant cattle for the birds to gather around in South America; furthermore,various animals that the egrets had lived around in Africa had become quite scarce because of over hunting and poaching,causing the birds to extend their range. 
D) The food resources in South America were far superior to those in Africa,allowing the egrets more opportunity to grow and reproduce and ultimately expand their range. 
A) The habitats that they left in Africa were not suitable for any further colonization; thus,they were forced to emigrate. 
B) The habitats that they encountered in South America were suitable to them and unoccupied. 
C) There were abundant cattle for the birds to gather around in South America; furthermore,various animals that the egrets had lived around in Africa had become quite scarce because of over hunting and poaching,causing the birds to extend their range. 
D) The food resources in South America were far superior to those in Africa,allowing the egrets more opportunity to grow and reproduce and ultimately expand their range.

Question 8

Which is an example of a clumped distribution of a population?

Accepted Answer

A) A tree species releases a poison to defend the soil around its roots,resulting in trees spaced evenly like a grid. 
B) Antelope travel in herds. 
C) Two male hummingbirds have a confrontation on the border between their territories. 
D) Multiple species join each other at the waterhole to drink. 
A) A tree species releases a poison to defend the soil around its roots,resulting in trees spaced evenly like a grid. 
B) Antelope travel in herds. 
C) Two male hummingbirds have a confrontation on the border between their territories. 
D) Multiple species join each other at the waterhole to drink.

Question 9

Organisms such as lizards that need to maintain body temperature through external means do so by

Accepted Answer

A) shivering to produce heat. 
B) sunbathing. 
C) swimming in geothermal pools. 
D) running frequently to warm up. 
E) eating large meals to provide calories for heat production. 
A) shivering to produce heat. 
B) sunbathing. 
C) swimming in geothermal pools. 
D) running frequently to warm up. 
E) eating large meals to provide calories for heat production.

Question 10

A rancher is suspected of shooting wolves near Yellowstone National Park,and you have been enlisted to go have a chat with him.The rancher doesn't see any benefit to having the wolves there.What do you say?

Accepted Answer

A) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive,logistic growth.Wolves help reduce the fecundity rate,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
B) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive,exponential growth.Wolves help reduce the carrying capacity,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
C) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a metapopulation.Wolves help reduce the biotic potential,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
D) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive,density-dependent growth.Wolves help reduce the age structure,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
A) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive,logistic growth.Wolves help reduce the fecundity rate,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
B) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive,exponential growth.Wolves help reduce the carrying capacity,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
C) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a metapopulation.Wolves help reduce the biotic potential,keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
D) "If there are no predators like wolves,just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive,density-dependent growth.Wolves help reduce the age structure,keeping the population at a reasonable level."

Question 11

-Which species would be most likely to have a Type III life history?

Accepted Answer

A) whale 
B) coconut palm 
C) lion 
D) gorilla 
E) pine tree 
A) whale 
B) coconut palm 
C) lion 
D) gorilla 
E) pine tree

Question 12

Which factor allows bacteria species to adapt to environmental changes faster than fish?

Accepted Answer

A) shorter generation time 
B) smaller size 
C) smaller nutrient needs 
D) lack of a nuclear membrane 
A) shorter generation time 
B) smaller size 
C) smaller nutrient needs 
D) lack of a nuclear membrane

Question 13

Parental care of the young is usually associated with species with a type ________ survivorship curve.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I or II (depending on the sex ratio) 
E) I or III (depending on whether the reproductive strategy is iteroparous or semelparous) 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I or II (depending on the sex ratio) 
E) I or III (depending on whether the reproductive strategy is iteroparous or semelparous)

Question 14

Allen's rule states that mammals from colder climates have shorter ears and appendages than individuals of the same species from warmer areas.The related Bergman's rule states that mammal body size varies with latitude,with larger body size in populations located closer to the poles and smaller body size in populations located closer to the equator.What can explain both of these rules?

Accepted Answer

A) Larger bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than smaller bodies. 
B) Smaller bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than larger bodies. 
C) Heat loss increases as the surface area to volume ratio of the animal increases. 
D) Larger bodies have a proportionally larger surface area,and heat radiation varies with volume. 
E) Smaller bodies have a proportionally smaller surface area,and heat radiation increases with surface area. 
A) Larger bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than smaller bodies. 
B) Smaller bodies can store proportionally more fat as insulation than larger bodies. 
C) Heat loss increases as the surface area to volume ratio of the animal increases. 
D) Larger bodies have a proportionally larger surface area,and heat radiation varies with volume. 
E) Smaller bodies have a proportionally smaller surface area,and heat radiation increases with surface area.

Question 15

Which is an example of a species with K-selected adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A) dandelion 
B) fruit fly 
C) herring 
D) bobcat 
A) dandelion 
B) fruit fly 
C) herring 
D) bobcat

Question 16

Which is an example of a density-independent factor on a population?

Accepted Answer

A) weather 
B) nesting sites 
C) intraspecific competition 
D) amount of prey 
E) predation 
A) weather 
B) nesting sites 
C) intraspecific competition 
D) amount of prey 
E) predation

Question 17

Populations of endotherms that live in colder climates tend to have shorter ears and limbs than populations of the same species in warm climates.This is called ________ Rule.

Accepted Answer

A) Allen's 
B) the K-Selected 
C) the r-Selected 
D) Edward's 
A) Allen's 
B) the K-Selected 
C) the r-Selected 
D) Edward's

Question 18

What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be made from data graphed in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) After high mortality early in life,survivorship becomes constant for the rest of life. 
B) Survivorship is constant throughout life. 
C) After low mortality early in life,mortality increases to a constant rate for the rest of life. 
D) After following a constant rate early in life,mortality becomes low late in life. 
A) After high mortality early in life,survivorship becomes constant for the rest of life. 
B) Survivorship is constant throughout life. 
C) After low mortality early in life,mortality increases to a constant rate for the rest of life. 
D) After following a constant rate early in life,mortality becomes low late in life.

Question 19

Clumped or patched populations that undergo local periodic extinction and recolonization are called what?

Accepted Answer

A) randomly spaced populations 
B) uniformly spaced populations 
C) metapopulations 
D) oversized populations 
E) endangered populations 
A) randomly spaced populations 
B) uniformly spaced populations 
C) metapopulations 
D) oversized populations 
E) endangered populations

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a species with r-selected adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A) house fly 
B) blue whale 
C) gorilla 
D) horse 
E) cockroaches 
A) house fly 
B) blue whale 
C) gorilla 
D) horse 
E) cockroaches

Exam 54: Ecology of Individuals and Populations

The biotic potential representing growth without limits at its maximal rate is indicated by what symbol?

Species that have a delayed reproductive stage,are competing for limited resources,and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing large offspring show ________ adaptations.

You construct a life table for a plant species and find that in all cases about the same proportion of the cohort survive to the beginning of the next time interval.What would you call this?

A graduate student is studying the feeding behavior of a small octopus that must be laboriously collected from the shores of a remote island.Her intern wishes to do experiments to look at the octopus's mating behavior.Why might the graduate student veto this idea?

During the late 1800s,cattle egrets arrived in South America from Africa and began to colonize.Their range has expanded dramatically over the years.Why were they able to do this?

Which is an example of a clumped distribution of a population?

Organisms such as lizards that need to maintain body temperature through external means do so by

A rancher is suspected of shooting wolves near Yellowstone National Park,and you have been enlisted to go have a chat with him.The rancher doesn't see any benefit to having the wolves there.What do you say?

-Which species would be most likely to have a Type III life history?

Which factor allows bacteria species to adapt to environmental changes faster than fish?

Parental care of the young is usually associated with species with a type ________ survivorship curve.

Which is an example of a species with K-selected adaptations?

Which is an example of a density-independent factor on a population?

Populations of endotherms that live in colder climates tend to have shorter ears and limbs than populations of the same species in warm climates.This is called ________ Rule.

What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be made from data graphed in the figure?

Clumped or patched populations that undergo local periodic extinction and recolonization are called what?

Which of the following is an example of a species with r-selected adaptations?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

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Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

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Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

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