Question 1

If ATP synthase had a mutation in the F1 complex portion of the protein,which function of ATP synthase would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) The rotation of the rotor 
B) The flow of protons through the channel 
C) The conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP 
D) The insertion of the enzyme into the membrane 
A) The rotation of the rotor 
B) The flow of protons through the channel 
C) The conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP 
D) The insertion of the enzyme into the membrane C

Question 2

All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The chloroplast 
B) The nucleus 
C) The mitochondria 
D) The plasma membrane 
E) The cytoplasm 
A) The chloroplast 
B) The nucleus 
C) The mitochondria 
D) The plasma membrane 
E) The cytoplasm C

Question 3

What is the net number of ATP generated directly during glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 8 
A) 0 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 8 B

Question 4

Glucose is not our only food source,nor the only one we can utilize in our bodies to generate energy.Other primary sources of energy include other sugars,proteins,and fats.What metabolic intermediate are fats primarily converted into?

Accepted Answer

A) Pyruvate 
B) Acetyl-CoA 
C) Citric acid cycle intermediates 
D) Electron transport chain components 
E) ATP Synthase 
A) Pyruvate 
B) Acetyl-CoA 
C) Citric acid cycle intermediates 
D) Electron transport chain components 
E) ATP Synthase

Question 5

The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport protons into the

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrial matrix. 
B) cytoplasm. 
C) endoplasmic reticulum. 
D) intermembrane space of the mitochondria. 
E) nucleus. 
A) mitochondrial matrix. 
B) cytoplasm. 
C) endoplasmic reticulum. 
D) intermembrane space of the mitochondria. 
E) nucleus.

Question 6

What stage of cellular respiration can occur in human cells with or without oxygen present?

Accepted Answer

A) The Citric acid cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) The electron transport chain 
D) Pyruvate oxidation 
A) The Citric acid cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) The electron transport chain 
D) Pyruvate oxidation

Question 7

Why is the energy generated from the catabolism of sugars and other macromolecules ultimately harnessed to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP can be used by cells to drive endergonic reactions 
B) ATP can be used to make RNA,which is an energy storage molecule in the cell 
C) ATP synthesis is an exergonic reaction 
D) ATP is required to generate the proton gradient in the intermembrane space of mitochondria 
A) ATP can be used by cells to drive endergonic reactions 
B) ATP can be used to make RNA,which is an energy storage molecule in the cell 
C) ATP synthesis is an exergonic reaction 
D) ATP is required to generate the proton gradient in the intermembrane space of mitochondria

Question 8

In order to lose weight and reduce body fat,a friend of yours has decided to eliminate all fat from his diet,while consuming unrestricted amounts of carbohydrates.What do you think of this idea?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a good idea,because if your friend doesn't eat any fat,he cannot store any additional fat. 
B) It is a bad idea,because consumption of fat is required to provide cofactors for the electron transport chain. 
C) It is a good idea,because under conditions where ATP levels are low in cells,carbohydrates will be stored,and fat stores will be catabolized via beta-oxidation to generate energy. 
D) It is a bad idea,because if ATP levels are high in cells,excess acetyl-CoA from the metabolism of carbohydrates can be used for fatty acid synthesis. 
A) It is a good idea,because if your friend doesn't eat any fat,he cannot store any additional fat. 
B) It is a bad idea,because consumption of fat is required to provide cofactors for the electron transport chain. 
C) It is a good idea,because under conditions where ATP levels are low in cells,carbohydrates will be stored,and fat stores will be catabolized via beta-oxidation to generate energy. 
D) It is a bad idea,because if ATP levels are high in cells,excess acetyl-CoA from the metabolism of carbohydrates can be used for fatty acid synthesis.

Question 9

What aspect of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis 
B) Pyruvate oxidation 
C) The Citric acid cycle 
D) The electron transport chain 
E) ATP synthesis 
A) Glycolysis 
B) Pyruvate oxidation 
C) The Citric acid cycle 
D) The electron transport chain 
E) ATP synthesis

Question 10

What is an end-product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxaloacetate 
B) NAD+ 
C) Alcohol 
D) ADP 
E) Pyruvate 
A) Oxaloacetate 
B) NAD+ 
C) Alcohol 
D) ADP 
E) Pyruvate

Question 11

When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise what process do muscle cells use for energy generation?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis coupled with alcohol fermentation 
B) Anaerobic respiration 
C) Aerobic respiration 
D) Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation 
A) Glycolysis coupled with alcohol fermentation 
B) Anaerobic respiration 
C) Aerobic respiration 
D) Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation

Question 12

Aerobic respiration involves the transfer of many electrons from glucose to electron carriers such as NAD+ over a series of multiple steps.Ultimately though,it is the reaction of glucose with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide,water and energy.Why doesn't glucose react directly with oxygen in cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen cannot accept electrons,and thus an electron carrier like NAD+ is needed. 
B) Oxygen and glucose are localized in different subcellular compartments. 
C) The direct reaction of oxygen with glucose would be extremely destructive to cells. 
D) The reaction of oxygen with glucose is not spontaneous. 
A) Oxygen cannot accept electrons,and thus an electron carrier like NAD+ is needed. 
B) Oxygen and glucose are localized in different subcellular compartments. 
C) The direct reaction of oxygen with glucose would be extremely destructive to cells. 
D) The reaction of oxygen with glucose is not spontaneous.

Question 13

Arsenic poisoning can lead to organ failure and death.Though arsenic can inhibit or interfere with a number of cellular enzymes,arsenic poisoning is thought to be mainly due to indirect inhibition of enzymes involved in both pyruvate oxidation and the Citric acid cycle.As a result,this compound must be able to enter which cellular compartment?

Accepted Answer

A) The cytoplasm 
B) The nucleus 
C) The intermembrane space of the mitochondria 
D) The mitochondrial matrix 
E) The endoplasmic reticulum 
A) The cytoplasm 
B) The nucleus 
C) The intermembrane space of the mitochondria 
D) The mitochondrial matrix 
E) The endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Your friend is having difficulty keeping track of the energy flow from glucose through glycolysis,the Citric acid cycle and electron transport.Your best advice would be to

Accepted Answer

A) follow ATP production. 
B) follow the protons. 
C) follow NAD+ production. 
D) follow the electrons. 
A) follow ATP production. 
B) follow the protons. 
C) follow NAD+ production. 
D) follow the electrons.

Question 15

If you take into account the amount of ATP generated by ATP synthase per molecule of NADH and per molecule of FADH2 produced,and the number of ATP molecules produced by substrate-level phosphorylation,what is the predicted energy yield of the Citric acid cycle,per molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) 18 ATP 
B) 2 ATP 
C) 10 ATP 
D) 20 ATP 
E) 30 ATP 
A) 18 ATP 
B) 2 ATP 
C) 10 ATP 
D) 20 ATP 
E) 30 ATP

Question 16

This process is common to all living cells:

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis 
B) Alcohol fermentation 
C) The Citric acid cycle 
D) Electron transport chain reactions 
E) Pyruvate oxidation 
A) Glycolysis 
B) Alcohol fermentation 
C) The Citric acid cycle 
D) Electron transport chain reactions 
E) Pyruvate oxidation

Question 17

Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) nucleus 
C) Golgi body 
D) mitochondria 
E) plasma membrane 
A) cytoplasm 
B) nucleus 
C) Golgi body 
D) mitochondria 
E) plasma membrane

Question 18

What molecule can oxidize NADH?

Accepted Answer

A) Acetaldehyde 
B) Lactate 
C) Ubiquinone 
D) Glucose 
E) Isocitrate 
A) Acetaldehyde 
B) Lactate 
C) Ubiquinone 
D) Glucose 
E) Isocitrate

Question 19

Phosphofructokinase is regulated by a number of factors,including high levels of ATP.Why is this enzyme regulated by ATP levels?

Accepted Answer

A) If ATP levels are high,this provides a mechanism to directly inhibit the Citric acid cycle,thus preventing further generation of NADH,FADH2 and ATP molecules that are not needed. 
B) If ATP levels are high,it is important to directly inhibit the reaction that commits the substrate to glycolysis to allow the substrate to be available for other reactions,since the cell has ample energy. 
C) If ATP levels are high,it is important to inhibit ATP synthase,and phosphofructokinase directly inhibits ATP synthase. 
D) If ATP levels are high,this provides a mechanism to directly inhibit the electron transport chain,thus preventing the formation of a proton gradient in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. 
A) If ATP levels are high,this provides a mechanism to directly inhibit the Citric acid cycle,thus preventing further generation of NADH,FADH2 and ATP molecules that are not needed. 
B) If ATP levels are high,it is important to directly inhibit the reaction that commits the substrate to glycolysis to allow the substrate to be available for other reactions,since the cell has ample energy. 
C) If ATP levels are high,it is important to inhibit ATP synthase,and phosphofructokinase directly inhibits ATP synthase. 
D) If ATP levels are high,this provides a mechanism to directly inhibit the electron transport chain,thus preventing the formation of a proton gradient in the intermembrane space of mitochondria.

Question 20

What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) FAD 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) acetyl-CoA 
A) ATP 
B) FAD 
C) pyruvate 
D) NAD+ 
E) acetyl-CoA

Exam 7: How Cells Harvest Energy

If ATP synthase had a mutation in the F1 complex portion of the protein,which function of ATP synthase would most likely be affected?

All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?

What is the net number of ATP generated directly during glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Glucose is not our only food source,nor the only one we can utilize in our bodies to generate energy.Other primary sources of energy include other sugars,proteins,and fats.What metabolic intermediate are fats primarily converted into?

The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport protons into the

What stage of cellular respiration can occur in human cells with or without oxygen present?

Why is the energy generated from the catabolism of sugars and other macromolecules ultimately harnessed to generate ATP?

In order to lose weight and reduce body fat,a friend of yours has decided to eliminate all fat from his diet,while consuming unrestricted amounts of carbohydrates.What do you think of this idea?

What aspect of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

What is an end-product of glycolysis?

When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise what process do muscle cells use for energy generation?

Aerobic respiration involves the transfer of many electrons from glucose to electron carriers such as NAD+ over a series of multiple steps.Ultimately though,it is the reaction of glucose with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide,water and energy.Why doesn't glucose react directly with oxygen in cells?

Your friend is having difficulty keeping track of the energy flow from glucose through glycolysis,the Citric acid cycle and electron transport.Your best advice would be to

This process is common to all living cells:

Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs in the ________.

What molecule can oxidize NADH?

Phosphofructokinase is regulated by a number of factors,including high levels of ATP.Why is this enzyme regulated by ATP levels?

What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters

If ATP synthase had a mutation in the F₁ complex portion of the protein,which function of ATP synthase would most likely be affected?