Question 1

A doctor suspects his patient has diabetes insipidus.What is the most likely match to the blood and urine profile of this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D C

Question 2

Each human kidney contains about a million ________,which are the tubular functional units of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) ureters 
B) nephrons 
C) renal medullae 
D) nephridia 
E) flame cells 
A) ureters 
B) nephrons 
C) renal medullae 
D) nephridia 
E) flame cells B

Question 3

Jill is lost in the desert and ran out of water six hours ago.What physiological effect or response would most likely occur in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B) decrease in blood osmolarity 
C) increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D) decreased thirst sensation 
E) increased release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
A) decreased release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B) decrease in blood osmolarity 
C) increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D) decreased thirst sensation 
E) increased release of atrial natriuretic hormone C

Question 4

Substances NOT usually found in normal human urine are

Accepted Answer

A) urea and uric acid. 
B) glucose molecules. 
C) water molecules. 
D) K+,H+,and other ions. 
E) certain drugs. 
A) urea and uric acid. 
B) glucose molecules. 
C) water molecules. 
D) K+,H+,and other ions. 
E) certain drugs.

Question 5

In mammalian kidneys,blood in the vasa recta and fluid in the loop of Henle flow in opposite directions to create a ________ multiplier system.

Accepted Answer

A) homeostatic 
B) reversible 
C) countercurrent 
D) stepped 
E) exponential 
A) homeostatic 
B) reversible 
C) countercurrent 
D) stepped 
E) exponential

Question 6

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis. 
B) active transport. 
C) facilitated diffusion. 
D) countercurrent flow. 
E) bulk flow. 
A) osmosis. 
B) active transport. 
C) facilitated diffusion. 
D) countercurrent flow. 
E) bulk flow.

Question 7

No matter how much water a human drinks,the kidneys are always regulating various aspects of the blood,including ________. 
I-the pH of the blood
II-the plasma concentration of iron ions
III-the plasma concentration of sodium ions
IV-the plasma concentration of potassium ions
V-the temperature of the blood

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,and III 
B) I,II,III,and IV 
C) I,III,and IV 
D) I,III,IV,and V 
E) I,II,III,IV,and V 
A) I,II,and III 
B) I,II,III,and IV 
C) I,III,and IV 
D) I,III,IV,and V 
E) I,II,III,IV,and V

Question 8

What animals could drink seawater and not get dehydrated?

Accepted Answer

A) sea gull 
B) human 
C) garter snake 
D) bullfrog 
E) freshwater perch 
A) sea gull 
B) human 
C) garter snake 
D) bullfrog 
E) freshwater perch

Question 9

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the area where water is absolutely not reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 10

Mike has just returned home from college for the summer and notices that his 8-year-old Dalmatian dog Patches is limping and has difficulty walking up and down stairs.When Mike takes Patches to the vet,the vet recommends that Mike put him on a low-purine diet.This dietary change will lessen the formation of painful precipitates of ________ in Patches' joints.

Accepted Answer

A) adenine and guanine 
B) ammonia 
C) uric acid 
D) urea 
E) NaCl 
A) adenine and guanine 
B) ammonia 
C) uric acid 
D) urea 
E) NaCl

Question 11

The organ that performs filtration of blood,reabsorption,and secretion in vertebrates is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) kidney 
B) liver 
C) pancreas 
D) small intestine 
E) large intestine 
A) kidney 
B) liver 
C) pancreas 
D) small intestine 
E) large intestine

Question 12

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 13

The adrenal hormone,aldosterone,regulates kidney function by

Accepted Answer

A) reducing the blood flow to the kidney. 
B) stimulating active reabsorption of sodium,decreasing its excretion. 
C) increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to urea. 
D) increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to salt. 
E) triggering a sensation of thirst. 
A) reducing the blood flow to the kidney. 
B) stimulating active reabsorption of sodium,decreasing its excretion. 
C) increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to urea. 
D) increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to salt. 
E) triggering a sensation of thirst.

Question 14

What is true of normal human urine production? 
I-Blood pressure is used to push nitrogenous waste,water,and small molecules through a filter,forming the filtrate,while cells and most proteins are retained in the blood.
II-Most water is reabsorbed as the filtrate is passing through a long tube.
III-Ammonia is produced as the metabolic breakdown is excreted.

Accepted Answer

A) just I 
B) just II 
C) II and III 
D) I,II,and III 
E) I and II 
A) just I 
B) just II 
C) II and III 
D) I,II,and III 
E) I and II

Question 15

Nearly two-thirds of every vertebrate's body is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) carbon 
C) bones 
D) muscle 
A) water 
B) carbon 
C) bones 
D) muscle

Question 16

Marine reptiles eliminate excess NaCl by means of ________ located near the nose or the eye.

Accepted Answer

A) Malpighian tubules 
B) antennal glands 
C) salt glands 
D) protonephridia 
E) nephrons 
A) Malpighian tubules 
B) antennal glands 
C) salt glands 
D) protonephridia 
E) nephrons

Question 17

Freshwater fish are ________ with respect to osmoregulation.

Accepted Answer

A) hypotonic regulators 
B) hypotonic conformers 
C) hypertonic regulators 
D) hypertonic conformers 
E) isotonic conformers 
A) hypotonic regulators 
B) hypotonic conformers 
C) hypertonic regulators 
D) hypertonic conformers 
E) isotonic conformers

Question 18

The kidneys are important homeostatic organs,contributing to maintenance of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) blood volume. 
B) destruction of worn-out red blood cells. 
C) blood pressure. 
D) ion concentration of extracellular fluids. 
E) blood pH. 
A) blood volume. 
B) destruction of worn-out red blood cells. 
C) blood pressure. 
D) ion concentration of extracellular fluids. 
E) blood pH.

Question 19

Roger,who has Type I diabetes mellitus,forgot to take along his insulin on a fishing trip to a remote part of Alaska.It takes him three days to make it out of the wilderness to a hospital.What would be the most likely match to Roger's blood and urine profile once he reaches the hospital?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 20

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) homeostasis 
B) equilibrium 
C) osmoreception 
D) countercurrent exchange 
E) absorption 
A) homeostasis 
B) equilibrium 
C) osmoreception 
D) countercurrent exchange 
E) absorption

Exam 49: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

A doctor suspects his patient has diabetes insipidus.What is the most likely match to the blood and urine profile of this patient?

Each human kidney contains about a million ________,which are the tubular functional units of the kidney.

Jill is lost in the desert and ran out of water six hours ago.What physiological effect or response would most likely occur in this situation?

Substances NOT usually found in normal human urine are

In mammalian kidneys,blood in the vasa recta and fluid in the loop of Henle flow in opposite directions to create a ________ multiplier system.

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

What animals could drink seawater and not get dehydrated?

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the area where water is absolutely not reabsorbed?

The organ that performs filtration of blood,reabsorption,and secretion in vertebrates is the ________.

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity under normal conditions?

The adrenal hormone,aldosterone,regulates kidney function by

Nearly two-thirds of every vertebrate's body is composed of ________.

Marine reptiles eliminate excess NaCl by means of ________ located near the nose or the eye.

Freshwater fish are ________ with respect to osmoregulation.

The kidneys are important homeostatic organs,contributing to maintenance of all of the following EXCEPT

Roger,who has Type I diabetes mellitus,forgot to take along his insulin on a fishing trip to a remote part of Alaska.It takes him three days to make it out of the wilderness to a hospital.What would be the most likely match to Roger's blood and urine profile once he reaches the hospital?

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called ________.

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