Question 1

When Darwin covered the tip of a grass seedling with metal foil and then illuminated it from one side,what happened to the seedling?

Accepted Answer

A) It bent away from the directional light. 
B) It did not respond to the directional light. 
C) It grew toward the light,as expected. 
D) It waved back and forth. 
E) It wilted and died. 
A) It bent away from the directional light. 
B) It did not respond to the directional light. 
C) It grew toward the light,as expected. 
D) It waved back and forth. 
E) It wilted and died. B

Question 2

A plant sustains pathogen-induced damage to one of its cell walls.A gene-for-gene response soon follows and the tissue surrounding the injury soon dies.Which signaling molecules facilitated this response?

Accepted Answer

A) Oligosaccharins 
B) Ethylene 
C) Gibberellins 
D) Auxins 
E) Abscisic acid 
A) Oligosaccharins 
B) Ethylene 
C) Gibberellins 
D) Auxins 
E) Abscisic acid A

Question 3

If temperatures suddenly rise 5 to 10º C,________ proteins are produced to help stabilize other proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) denatured 
B) photosensitive 
C) chilling 
D) heat shock 
E) oxidative 
A) denatured 
B) photosensitive 
C) chilling 
D) heat shock 
E) oxidative D

Question 4

While touring a farm,the farmer tells you that she uses cytokinin to increase crop productivity.But,from biology class you know that cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells.What other substance is the farmer most likely using in conjunction with cytokinin?

Accepted Answer

A) auxin 
B) abscisic acid 
C) strigolactones 
D) ethylene 
E) suberin 
A) auxin 
B) abscisic acid 
C) strigolactones 
D) ethylene 
E) suberin

Question 5

During a viticulturist's presentation on growing and managing grapes,why did he state that it is imperative to encourage the grapevine's natural tendency for positive thigmotropism?

Accepted Answer

A) To encourage the vine's response to move toward the early morning light as opposed to the late afternoon sun 
B) To encourage the roots to grow deeper and spread out 
C) To encourage the grapes to retain their sugar for a longer period of time 
D) To encourage the twining stems to wrap around the supporting wires 
E) To discourage early ripening of the fruit 
A) To encourage the vine's response to move toward the early morning light as opposed to the late afternoon sun 
B) To encourage the roots to grow deeper and spread out 
C) To encourage the grapes to retain their sugar for a longer period of time 
D) To encourage the twining stems to wrap around the supporting wires 
E) To discourage early ripening of the fruit

Question 6

While researching the effects of light on chlorophyll synthesis in sorghum,you find that brief pulses of red light stimulates the synthesis of chlorophyll a and b.This would suggest that chlorophyll synthesis is directed by the Pr form of phytochrome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A viticulturist wants to grow larger grapes.Which specific hormone would a viticulturist apply to the plants?

Accepted Answer

A) auxin 
B) cytokinin 
C) gibberellin 
D) abscisic acid 
E) ethylene 
A) auxin 
B) cytokinin 
C) gibberellin 
D) abscisic acid 
E) ethylene

Question 8

Which of the following about seed dormancy is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Seed dormancy is common in tropical climates. 
B) High levels of abscisic acid trigger seed dormancy. 
C) Annual plants frequently utilize seed dormancy to wait until after the dry season has ended before germinating. 
D) Embryos inside of some seeds can germinate after hundreds of years. 
A) Seed dormancy is common in tropical climates. 
B) High levels of abscisic acid trigger seed dormancy. 
C) Annual plants frequently utilize seed dormancy to wait until after the dry season has ended before germinating. 
D) Embryos inside of some seeds can germinate after hundreds of years.

Question 9

When one plant is shaded by another,why is the ratio of far-red to red light increased compared to an unshaded plant?

Accepted Answer

A) Phytochrome in the taller plant absorbs most of the red light. 
B) Auxin absorbs mostly far-red light. 
C) As light passes through the leaves of the taller plant,most of the red light is absorbed by chlorophyll. 
D) Far-red light mostly reflects off the surface of the soil while red light is mostly absorbed. 
E) Shade is enriched in far-red wavelengths of light. 
A) Phytochrome in the taller plant absorbs most of the red light. 
B) Auxin absorbs mostly far-red light. 
C) As light passes through the leaves of the taller plant,most of the red light is absorbed by chlorophyll. 
D) Far-red light mostly reflects off the surface of the soil while red light is mostly absorbed. 
E) Shade is enriched in far-red wavelengths of light.

Question 10

Which of the following describe a role that ethylene plays in plant physiology.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Retarding stem and root elongation 
B) Inhibition of leaf abscission 
C) Hastening the ripening of fruit 
D) Inhibition of lateral bud growth 
E) Accelerates the loss of damaged fruits 
A) Retarding stem and root elongation 
B) Inhibition of leaf abscission 
C) Hastening the ripening of fruit 
D) Inhibition of lateral bud growth 
E) Accelerates the loss of damaged fruits

Question 11

Plants maintain higher levels of phytochrome at their growing tips where phytochrome plays important roles in growth responses to light.Phytochrome levels are also high in areas of the plant that are "greening".What does this suggest about the role of phytochrome in these "greening" zones?

Accepted Answer

A) Phytochrome is absorbing green wavelengths of light. 
B) In these areas,phytochrome is the first step in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis. 
C) Phytochrome is facilitating the transcription and translation of photosynthesis related proteins. 
D) Phytochrome is facilitating the migration of chlorophyll pigments from other areas of the plant. 
A) Phytochrome is absorbing green wavelengths of light. 
B) In these areas,phytochrome is the first step in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis. 
C) Phytochrome is facilitating the transcription and translation of photosynthesis related proteins. 
D) Phytochrome is facilitating the migration of chlorophyll pigments from other areas of the plant.

Question 12

What happens when coleoptiles are illuminated with directional light from the side instead of from directly overhead?

Accepted Answer

A) More auxin is produced. 
B) Less auxin is produced. 
C) Auxin is transported away from the lighted side. 
D) Auxin is transported toward the lighted side. 
E) Auxin receptors are activated. 
A) More auxin is produced. 
B) Less auxin is produced. 
C) Auxin is transported away from the lighted side. 
D) Auxin is transported toward the lighted side. 
E) Auxin receptors are activated.

Question 13

Rapid turgor pressure changes in specialized multicellular swellings called ________ are associated with leaves that move in response to touch or light.

Accepted Answer

A) petioles 
B) pulvini 
C) stipules 
D) pudicas 
E) coleoptiles 
A) petioles 
B) pulvini 
C) stipules 
D) pudicas 
E) coleoptiles

Question 14

________ is directional growth responses of plants to a unidirectional source of light.

Accepted Answer

A) Gravitropism 
B) Thigmotropism 
C) Dormancy 
D) Phototropism 
E) Thermotropism 
A) Gravitropism 
B) Thigmotropism 
C) Dormancy 
D) Phototropism 
E) Thermotropism

Question 15

Charles Darwin and his son experimented with which plant growth response?

Accepted Answer

A) gravitropism 
B) circadian rhythms 
C) phototropism 
D) heat shock 
E) thermotropism 
A) gravitropism 
B) circadian rhythms 
C) phototropism 
D) heat shock 
E) thermotropism

Question 16

Why do plants growing outside often have shorter and thicker stems than plants of the same species grown indoors?

Accepted Answer

A) The plants inside have a more constant source of light and therefore a higher level of phytochrome. 
B) The outdoor plants are subject to mechanical stresses and they are exhibiting a thigmomorphogenic response. 
C) The outdoor plants are subject to touch by animals and other plants and are exhibiting a thigmotropic response. 
D) The indoor plants have elevated levels of auxin and are therefore taller than the outside plants. 
A) The plants inside have a more constant source of light and therefore a higher level of phytochrome. 
B) The outdoor plants are subject to mechanical stresses and they are exhibiting a thigmomorphogenic response. 
C) The outdoor plants are subject to touch by animals and other plants and are exhibiting a thigmotropic response. 
D) The indoor plants have elevated levels of auxin and are therefore taller than the outside plants.

Question 17

Which part of a root tip is responsible for perceiving gravity?

Accepted Answer

A) root cap 
B) zone of cell division 
C) zone of elongation 
D) zone of maturation 
A) root cap 
B) zone of cell division 
C) zone of elongation 
D) zone of maturation

Question 18

A plant physiologist treats a leaf with abscisic acid and observes that the stomata close.What happened inside the guard cells during the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Abscisic acid influences the movement of sodium ions out of the guard cells. 
B) Abscisic acid influences the movement of potassium ions out of the guard cells. 
C) Abscisic acid binds carbon dioxide and causes carbonate crystals to block the stomatal opening. 
D) Abscisic acid binds with auxins and induces water molecules to exit the guard cells. 
E) Abscisic acid causes the guard cells to become more turgid. 
A) Abscisic acid influences the movement of sodium ions out of the guard cells. 
B) Abscisic acid influences the movement of potassium ions out of the guard cells. 
C) Abscisic acid binds carbon dioxide and causes carbonate crystals to block the stomatal opening. 
D) Abscisic acid binds with auxins and induces water molecules to exit the guard cells. 
E) Abscisic acid causes the guard cells to become more turgid.

Question 19

The removal of the root cap eliminates the ability of a root to respond to gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Gibberellins affect many processes in plants.In seeds embryos,gibberellins are believed to signal hydrolysis of the stored food reserves through inducing the synthesis of the enzyme α-amylase.Which food source are gibberellins targeting with the release of α-amylase?

Accepted Answer

A) omega-3 fatty acids 
B) starch 
C) glycogen 
D) fructose 
E) protein 
A) omega-3 fatty acids 
B) starch 
C) glycogen 
D) fructose 
E) protein

Exam 39: Sensory Systems in Plants

When Darwin covered the tip of a grass seedling with metal foil and then illuminated it from one side,what happened to the seedling?

A plant sustains pathogen-induced damage to one of its cell walls.A gene-for-gene response soon follows and the tissue surrounding the injury soon dies.Which signaling molecules facilitated this response?

If temperatures suddenly rise 5 to 10º C,________ proteins are produced to help stabilize other proteins.

While touring a farm,the farmer tells you that she uses cytokinin to increase crop productivity.But,from biology class you know that cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells.What other substance is the farmer most likely using in conjunction with cytokinin?

During a viticulturist's presentation on growing and managing grapes,why did he state that it is imperative to encourage the grapevine's natural tendency for positive thigmotropism?

While researching the effects of light on chlorophyll synthesis in sorghum,you find that brief pulses of red light stimulates the synthesis of chlorophyll a and b.This would suggest that chlorophyll synthesis is directed by the Pr form of phytochrome.

A viticulturist wants to grow larger grapes.Which specific hormone would a viticulturist apply to the plants?

Which of the following about seed dormancy is not true?

When one plant is shaded by another,why is the ratio of far-red to red light increased compared to an unshaded plant?

Which of the following describe a role that ethylene plays in plant physiology.Check all that apply.

Plants maintain higher levels of phytochrome at their growing tips where phytochrome plays important roles in growth responses to light.Phytochrome levels are also high in areas of the plant that are "greening".What does this suggest about the role of phytochrome in these "greening" zones?

What happens when coleoptiles are illuminated with directional light from the side instead of from directly overhead?

Rapid turgor pressure changes in specialized multicellular swellings called ________ are associated with leaves that move in response to touch or light.

________ is directional growth responses of plants to a unidirectional source of light.

Charles Darwin and his son experimented with which plant growth response?

Why do plants growing outside often have shorter and thicker stems than plants of the same species grown indoors?

Which part of a root tip is responsible for perceiving gravity?

A plant physiologist treats a leaf with abscisic acid and observes that the stomata close.What happened inside the guard cells during the experiment?

The removal of the root cap eliminates the ability of a root to respond to gravity.

Gibberellins affect many processes in plants.In seeds embryos,gibberellins are believed to signal hydrolysis of the stored food reserves through inducing the synthesis of the enzyme α-amylase.Which food source are gibberellins targeting with the release of α-amylase?

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The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

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While researching the effects of light on chlorophyll synthesis in sorghum,you find that brief pulses of red light stimulates the synthesis of chlorophyll a and b.This would suggest that chlorophyll synthesis is directed by the P_r form of phytochrome.