Question 1

A nematode that has parasitized a plant root has breached the cutin layer of the epidermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following plant secondary metabolites is used as an antimalarial drug?

Accepted Answer

A) morphine 
B) taxol 
C) genistein 
D) quinine 
E) manihotoxin 
A) morphine 
B) taxol 
C) genistein 
D) quinine 
E) manihotoxin D

Question 3

A plant has a mutation in the gene that codes for systemin.What is the likely consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) The plant will have a stronger than normal wound response. 
B) The mutated form of systemin would be recognized as a pathogen and a hypersensitive response will be initiated. 
C) The levels of jasmonic acid will build inside the cell creating a toxic environment. 
D) Systemin receptors will not be activated and proteinase inhibitor will not be transcribed. 
E) R genes will fail to match up with avr genes. 
A) The plant will have a stronger than normal wound response. 
B) The mutated form of systemin would be recognized as a pathogen and a hypersensitive response will be initiated. 
C) The levels of jasmonic acid will build inside the cell creating a toxic environment. 
D) Systemin receptors will not be activated and proteinase inhibitor will not be transcribed. 
E) R genes will fail to match up with avr genes. D

Question 4

Plants such as peppermint and sage contain oils.What is the function of these oils?

Accepted Answer

A) They help keep the plant from drying out. 
B) They help repel insects. 
C) They keep other plants from germinating nearby. 
D) They prevent fungal infection. 
E) They have hormone-like activity that helps wounds heal. 
A) They help keep the plant from drying out. 
B) They help repel insects. 
C) They keep other plants from germinating nearby. 
D) They prevent fungal infection. 
E) They have hormone-like activity that helps wounds heal.

Question 5

Which common crop may contain traces of hormone-like substances that may affect human health?

Accepted Answer

A) corn 
B) wheat 
C) peanuts 
D) soybean 
E) wine grapes 
A) corn 
B) wheat 
C) peanuts 
D) soybean 
E) wine grapes

Question 6

The plant alkaloid ricin is nontoxic inside castor beans,but becomes active when digested by an animal.The toxic form of ricin kills by

Accepted Answer

A) inactivating the animal's immune system. 
B) over stimulating the animal's heart rate. 
C) inactivating ribosomes needed for translation. 
D) binding to RNA polymerase. 
E) releasing cyanide. 
A) inactivating the animal's immune system. 
B) over stimulating the animal's heart rate. 
C) inactivating ribosomes needed for translation. 
D) binding to RNA polymerase. 
E) releasing cyanide.

Question 7

A patient who requires repeated dosing with strong analgesics over a period of more than a few days might be prescribed which of the following secondary plant metabolites?

Accepted Answer

A) Genistein 
B) Morphine 
C) Quinine 
D) Taxol 
E) Cyanogenic glycosides 
A) Genistein 
B) Morphine 
C) Quinine 
D) Taxol 
E) Cyanogenic glycosides

Question 8

Many plants are filled with toxins that kill or deter herbivores.Many plants sequester these compounds within the cell.Where in the plant cell are these toxic substances most likely stored?

Accepted Answer

A) Central vacuole 
B) Mitochondria 
C) The stroma 
D) Amyloplasts 
E) Lysosomes 
A) Central vacuole 
B) Mitochondria 
C) The stroma 
D) Amyloplasts 
E) Lysosomes

Question 9

Systemin can correctly be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) peptide. 
B) apoplast. 
C) receptor. 
D) leaf lipid. 
E) carbohydrate. 
A) peptide. 
B) apoplast. 
C) receptor. 
D) leaf lipid. 
E) carbohydrate.

Question 10

Dermal tissue in plants

Accepted Answer

A) is several cell layers thick. 
B) acts a barrier to potential pathogens. 
C) houses guard cells that defend against pathogen invasion. 
D) differs depending if it above ground or below ground. 
A) is several cell layers thick. 
B) acts a barrier to potential pathogens. 
C) houses guard cells that defend against pathogen invasion. 
D) differs depending if it above ground or below ground.

Question 11

Phytoestrogens are steroid-like chemicals that are derived from soy.One of their characteristics is that they are able to

Accepted Answer

A) paralyze nerve endings. 
B) bind to the human estrogen receptor. 
C) cause estrogen breakdown within human cells. 
D) increase the rate of prostate cancer in men. 
E) cure malaria. 
A) paralyze nerve endings. 
B) bind to the human estrogen receptor. 
C) cause estrogen breakdown within human cells. 
D) increase the rate of prostate cancer in men. 
E) cure malaria.

Question 12

Evidence that black walnut trees exhibit allelopathy includes

Accepted Answer

A) the lack of vegetation growing under black walnut trees. 
B) the death of hornworms that try to eat black walnut leaves. 
C) the symbiotic relationship the trees have with fungi. 
D) the ants that protect the trees from herbivory. 
E) the morphological changes that occur in response to pathogenic attacks. 
A) the lack of vegetation growing under black walnut trees. 
B) the death of hornworms that try to eat black walnut leaves. 
C) the symbiotic relationship the trees have with fungi. 
D) the ants that protect the trees from herbivory. 
E) the morphological changes that occur in response to pathogenic attacks.

Question 13

Taxol,a secondary metabolite from the bark of the Pacific yew tree,is used as a treatment for

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes. 
B) breast cancer. 
C) indigestion. 
D) headaches. 
E) high blood pressure. 
A) diabetes. 
B) breast cancer. 
C) indigestion. 
D) headaches. 
E) high blood pressure.

Question 14

Which category of plant second metabolites includes stimulants like caffeine,nicotine,and cocaine?

Accepted Answer

A) tannins 
B) alkaloids 
C) phenolics 
D) cyanogenic glycosides 
E) terpenes 
A) tannins 
B) alkaloids 
C) phenolics 
D) cyanogenic glycosides 
E) terpenes

Question 15

________ occurs when a chemical signal secreted by the roots of one plant blocks the germination of nearby seeds or inhibits the growth of a neighboring plant.

Accepted Answer

A) Nodulation 
B) Etiolation 
C) Reduction 
D) Allelopathy 
E) The systemic response 
A) Nodulation 
B) Etiolation 
C) Reduction 
D) Allelopathy 
E) The systemic response

Question 16

Treating a plant with a fungicide could interfere with the plant's uptake of nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If a bacterium containing a mutation in the avirulence gene lands on a plant that has the corresponding R gene,the bacterium may not initiate rapid cell death in the plant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The series of metabolic events that occurs within tomato plants in response to wounding is

Accepted Answer

A) a systemic response. 
B) a waterfall effect. 
C) the hypersensitive response. 
D) a pathogen-specific response. 
E) resistance to coevolution. 
A) a systemic response. 
B) a waterfall effect. 
C) the hypersensitive response. 
D) a pathogen-specific response. 
E) resistance to coevolution.

Question 19

Systemic acquired resistance is

Accepted Answer

A) a broad-ranging resistance that lasts for a period of days. 
B) the same as the human immune response. 
C) a response whereby antibodies recognize specific antigens. 
D) a response that occurs when the hypersensitive response fails. 
E) a method for plants to modify their DNA for protection. 
A) a broad-ranging resistance that lasts for a period of days. 
B) the same as the human immune response. 
C) a response whereby antibodies recognize specific antigens. 
D) a response that occurs when the hypersensitive response fails. 
E) a method for plants to modify their DNA for protection.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the pathogen-specific response is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The pathways involved always trigger the hypersensitive response. 
B) The pathogen is recognized by its avr gene product. 
C) There is never a gene-for-gene response. 
D) If the R gene product is not triggered,no disease will occur. 
E) Avr and R gene pairs have been cloned in species pathogenized by microbes,fungi,and insects. 
A) The pathways involved always trigger the hypersensitive response. 
B) The pathogen is recognized by its avr gene product. 
C) There is never a gene-for-gene response. 
D) If the R gene product is not triggered,no disease will occur. 
E) Avr and R gene pairs have been cloned in species pathogenized by microbes,fungi,and insects.

Exam 38: Plant Defense Responses

A nematode that has parasitized a plant root has breached the cutin layer of the epidermis.

Which of the following plant secondary metabolites is used as an antimalarial drug?

A plant has a mutation in the gene that codes for systemin.What is the likely consequence of this mutation?

Plants such as peppermint and sage contain oils.What is the function of these oils?

Which common crop may contain traces of hormone-like substances that may affect human health?

The plant alkaloid ricin is nontoxic inside castor beans,but becomes active when digested by an animal.The toxic form of ricin kills by

A patient who requires repeated dosing with strong analgesics over a period of more than a few days might be prescribed which of the following secondary plant metabolites?

Many plants are filled with toxins that kill or deter herbivores.Many plants sequester these compounds within the cell.Where in the plant cell are these toxic substances most likely stored?

Systemin can correctly be described as a(n)

Dermal tissue in plants

Phytoestrogens are steroid-like chemicals that are derived from soy.One of their characteristics is that they are able to

Evidence that black walnut trees exhibit allelopathy includes

Taxol,a secondary metabolite from the bark of the Pacific yew tree,is used as a treatment for

Which category of plant second metabolites includes stimulants like caffeine,nicotine,and cocaine?

________ occurs when a chemical signal secreted by the roots of one plant blocks the germination of nearby seeds or inhibits the growth of a neighboring plant.

Treating a plant with a fungicide could interfere with the plant's uptake of nitrogen.

If a bacterium containing a mutation in the avirulence gene lands on a plant that has the corresponding R gene,the bacterium may not initiate rapid cell death in the plant.

The series of metabolic events that occurs within tomato plants in response to wounding is

Systemic acquired resistance is

Which of the following statements about the pathogen-specific response is true?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

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Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

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Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

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Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

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Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

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The Origin and Diversity of Life

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Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

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