Question 1

Which of the following is/are required with actin and myosin in order to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) calcium 
C) phosphate 
D) calcium and ATP 
E) calcium and phosphate 
A) ATP 
B) calcium 
C) phosphate 
D) calcium and ATP 
E) calcium and phosphate D

Question 2

You have just read an advertisement for a new drug that claims people who take it can get muscular bodies without spending months lifting weights in the gym.The drug stimulates muscle growth in the same way that weight lifting does,which is to

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate growth in the size of existing muscle fibers. 
B) stimulate existing muscle fibers to divide. 
C) stimulate existing muscle fibers to fuse with one another. 
D) turn surrounding connective tissue into muscle tissue. 
E) stimulate an increase in the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers. 
A) stimulate growth in the size of existing muscle fibers. 
B) stimulate existing muscle fibers to divide. 
C) stimulate existing muscle fibers to fuse with one another. 
D) turn surrounding connective tissue into muscle tissue. 
E) stimulate an increase in the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers. A

Question 3

What is the association between tropomyosin and troponin molecules in resting striated muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) Tropomyosin holds the troponin in place on the myosin. 
B) Troponin holds the tropomyosin in place on the myosin. 
C) Tropomyosin holds the troponin in place on the actin. 
D) Troponin holds the tropomyosin in place on the actin. 
E) There is no known association. 
A) Tropomyosin holds the troponin in place on the myosin. 
B) Troponin holds the tropomyosin in place on the myosin. 
C) Tropomyosin holds the troponin in place on the actin. 
D) Troponin holds the tropomyosin in place on the actin. 
E) There is no known association. D

Question 4

Impulses conducted along the transverse tubules of the muscle fiber stimulate

Accepted Answer

A) the release of ATP. 
B) the binding of actin to the Z lines. 
C) tropomyosin and troponin binding. 
D) the release of calcium ions. 
E) the release of acetylcholine. 
A) the release of ATP. 
B) the binding of actin to the Z lines. 
C) tropomyosin and troponin binding. 
D) the release of calcium ions. 
E) the release of acetylcholine.

Question 5

As the Baby Boomer generation ages,more and more joint replacement surgeries take place each year.Hip replacement surgery is the gold standard of all joint replacement surgeries,with many patients able to walk just a few hours after surgery and return home the very next day.In contrast,knee replacement surgery usually requires hospital stays of several days,followed by weeks to months of physical therapy.What best explains why the recovery after hip replacement surgery is so much faster than after knee replacement surgery?

Accepted Answer

A) The hip joint is more superficial and more accessible to surgeons than the knee joint. 
B) The knee joint is stabilized by many more structures (many of which have to be cut)than the hip joint. 
C) The hip only moves in one direction,and recovery of one motion is easier than recovering movement in many directions. 
D) The upper end of the thigh bone has less overall surface contact with the hip bone than its lower end has in the knee with bones of the lower leg. 
E) The knee is a type of combination joint,which are difficult to replace. 
A) The hip joint is more superficial and more accessible to surgeons than the knee joint. 
B) The knee joint is stabilized by many more structures (many of which have to be cut)than the hip joint. 
C) The hip only moves in one direction,and recovery of one motion is easier than recovering movement in many directions. 
D) The upper end of the thigh bone has less overall surface contact with the hip bone than its lower end has in the knee with bones of the lower leg. 
E) The knee is a type of combination joint,which are difficult to replace.

Question 6

Utilizing more motor units for stronger muscle contractions is called

Accepted Answer

A) fast-twitching. 
B) fatigue. 
C) aerobic capacity. 
D) recruitment. 
E) insertion. 
A) fast-twitching. 
B) fatigue. 
C) aerobic capacity. 
D) recruitment. 
E) insertion.

Question 7

In bone,crystals of calcium phosphate impregnate the extracellular matrix containing fibers of

Accepted Answer

A) actin. 
B) chitin. 
C) collagen. 
D) myosin. 
E) troponin. 
A) actin. 
B) chitin. 
C) collagen. 
D) myosin. 
E) troponin.

Question 8

According to the figure,which one represents the muscle in an optimal condition for a strong contraction?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 9

Which of the following regarding the Haversian System is false?

Accepted Answer

A) It keeps osteocytes alive. 
B) Haversian canals may contain nerve fibers. 
C) Haversian canals run parallel to the length of long bone. 
D) Haversian canals are created by osteoclasts that tunnel through the bone matrix. 
A) It keeps osteocytes alive. 
B) Haversian canals may contain nerve fibers. 
C) Haversian canals run parallel to the length of long bone. 
D) Haversian canals are created by osteoclasts that tunnel through the bone matrix.

Question 10

The movement of actin and myosin fibers in a muscle contraction contains all of the following steps EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the myosin head attaches to the actin filament. 
B) myosin rolls up from one end,forming a ball. 
C) the myosin filament advances relative to the actin filament. 
D) the globular myosin head detaches from the actin filament. 
E) the myosin head returns to its original conformation. 
A) the myosin head attaches to the actin filament. 
B) myosin rolls up from one end,forming a ball. 
C) the myosin filament advances relative to the actin filament. 
D) the globular myosin head detaches from the actin filament. 
E) the myosin head returns to its original conformation.

Question 11

The myofibrils consist of both thin filaments made of actin and thick filaments composed of

Accepted Answer

A) myosin. 
B) troponin. 
C) chitin. 
D) tropomyosin. 
E) acetylcholine. 
A) myosin. 
B) troponin. 
C) chitin. 
D) tropomyosin. 
E) acetylcholine.

Question 12

The use-dependent decrease in the ability of a muscle to generate force is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) tetanus 
B) aerobic fitness 
C) fatigue 
D) endurance 
A) tetanus 
B) aerobic fitness 
C) fatigue 
D) endurance

Question 13

Insects such as mosquitoes and beetles can beat their wings at tremendous speeds.This can be accomplished because

Accepted Answer

A) their wing muscle contractions causes another set of muscles to stretch which in turn produces another contraction without waiting for the arrival of a nerve impulse. 
B) their wing muscle contractions cause another set of muscles to relax which in turn produces another wing movement. 
C) their wing muscle contractions are stimulated by the continuous nerve signal impulses which produce a continuous contraction of their wing muscles. 
D) their wing muscle contractions are capable of producing more ATP which allows these insects to have much faster and sustained wing movements. 
E) their wing muscle contractions produce nerve impulses which lead to more contraction of the wing muscles which in turn permits faster motion of the wings. 
A) their wing muscle contractions causes another set of muscles to stretch which in turn produces another contraction without waiting for the arrival of a nerve impulse. 
B) their wing muscle contractions cause another set of muscles to relax which in turn produces another wing movement. 
C) their wing muscle contractions are stimulated by the continuous nerve signal impulses which produce a continuous contraction of their wing muscles. 
D) their wing muscle contractions are capable of producing more ATP which allows these insects to have much faster and sustained wing movements. 
E) their wing muscle contractions produce nerve impulses which lead to more contraction of the wing muscles which in turn permits faster motion of the wings.

Question 14

In order for an earthworm to lengthen several contiguous segments of its body,it must

Accepted Answer

A) contract its circular muscles,which pulls up the chaetae and moves the body fluid parallel to the long axis of the worm. 
B) contract its longitudinal muscles,which pulls up the chaetae and moves the body fluid perpendicular to the long axis of the worm. 
C) contract its circular muscles,which extends the chaetae into the surrounding soil and moves the body fluid parallel to the long axis of the worm. 
D) contract its longitudinal muscles,which extends the chaetae into the surrounding soil and moves the body fluid parallel to the long axis of the worm. 
E) contract its circular muscles,which extends the chaetae into the surrounding soil and moves the body fluid perpendicular to the long axis of the worm. 
A) contract its circular muscles,which pulls up the chaetae and moves the body fluid parallel to the long axis of the worm. 
B) contract its longitudinal muscles,which pulls up the chaetae and moves the body fluid perpendicular to the long axis of the worm. 
C) contract its circular muscles,which extends the chaetae into the surrounding soil and moves the body fluid parallel to the long axis of the worm. 
D) contract its longitudinal muscles,which extends the chaetae into the surrounding soil and moves the body fluid parallel to the long axis of the worm. 
E) contract its circular muscles,which extends the chaetae into the surrounding soil and moves the body fluid perpendicular to the long axis of the worm.

Question 15

The figure below represents a joint in the hind leg of a grasshopper.The exoskeleton of the leg is indicated by the two pairs of parallel black lines.A muscle that moves this leg is fixed to the skeleton at the end marked with a blue star.When the muscle contracts,it will pull on the tendon at its opposite end.Which configuration shows the most likely arrangement of the exoskeleton and a muscle that increases the flexion of this leg?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 16

If you rub the scaled skin of a shark,it feels rough if you move your hand from tail to head but smooth if you move from head to tail.What is a major advantage of the scales being oriented this way?

Accepted Answer

A) to counteract friction as the shark swims through the water 
B) to keep the shark afloat in the water 
C) to better protect the shark from predators 
D) to better prevent water loss from the body tissues 
E) to enable the shark to orient itself in space and detect prey 
A) to counteract friction as the shark swims through the water 
B) to keep the shark afloat in the water 
C) to better protect the shark from predators 
D) to better prevent water loss from the body tissues 
E) to enable the shark to orient itself in space and detect prey

Question 17

The human skeleton is a typical vertebrate

Accepted Answer

A) endoskeleton. 
B) exoskeleton. 
C) hydrostatic skeleton. 
D) axial skeleton only. 
E) appendicular skeleton only. 
A) endoskeleton. 
B) exoskeleton. 
C) hydrostatic skeleton. 
D) axial skeleton only. 
E) appendicular skeleton only.

Question 18

Sustained contraction is called

Accepted Answer

A) twitching. 
B) summation. 
C) tetanus. 
D) recruitment. 
E) isometric binding. 
A) twitching. 
B) summation. 
C) tetanus. 
D) recruitment. 
E) isometric binding.

Question 19

One adaptation to flight in birds is lighter bones,which lack

Accepted Answer

A) calcium. 
B) collagen. 
C) bone marrow. 
D) the periosteum. 
E) medullary cavities. 
A) calcium. 
B) collagen. 
C) bone marrow. 
D) the periosteum. 
E) medullary cavities.

Question 20

Impressive was a champion Quarter Horse stallion with a magnificent muscular physique,a trait that he passed on to dozens of offspring.However,many of Impressive's offspring developed periodic muscular twitching that sometimes left the horses temporarily unable to move.Some horses even died.As it turns out,Impressive's award-winning physique was due to a mutation in a single,protein-encoding gene,resulting in hyperexcitable muscle (which contracts even in the absence of a stimulus from its motor neuron).Which is NOT a plausible explanation for the identity of the abnormal muscle protein in Impressive and his offspring?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine receptors that function in the absence of acetylcholine 
B) leaky Na+ channels 
C) overactive Ca2+ pumps in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
D) tropomyosin that is unable to bind to actin 
E) over-active troponin molecules 
A) acetylcholine receptors that function in the absence of acetylcholine 
B) leaky Na+ channels 
C) overactive Ca2+ pumps in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
D) tropomyosin that is unable to bind to actin 
E) over-active troponin molecules

Exam 45: The Musculoskeletal System

Which of the following is/are required with actin and myosin in order to initiate muscle contraction?

You have just read an advertisement for a new drug that claims people who take it can get muscular bodies without spending months lifting weights in the gym.The drug stimulates muscle growth in the same way that weight lifting does,which is to

What is the association between tropomyosin and troponin molecules in resting striated muscle fibers?

Impulses conducted along the transverse tubules of the muscle fiber stimulate

Utilizing more motor units for stronger muscle contractions is called

In bone,crystals of calcium phosphate impregnate the extracellular matrix containing fibers of

According to the figure,which one represents the muscle in an optimal condition for a strong contraction?

Which of the following regarding the Haversian System is false?

The movement of actin and myosin fibers in a muscle contraction contains all of the following steps EXCEPT

The myofibrils consist of both thin filaments made of actin and thick filaments composed of

The use-dependent decrease in the ability of a muscle to generate force is called ________.

Insects such as mosquitoes and beetles can beat their wings at tremendous speeds.This can be accomplished because

In order for an earthworm to lengthen several contiguous segments of its body,it must

If you rub the scaled skin of a shark,it feels rough if you move your hand from tail to head but smooth if you move from head to tail.What is a major advantage of the scales being oriented this way?

The human skeleton is a typical vertebrate

Sustained contraction is called

One adaptation to flight in birds is lighter bones,which lack

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