Question 1

The degree of parental investment required often results in the nonrandom mating behavior called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) allopatry 
B) fidelity 
C) mate choice 
D) preferability 
A) allopatry 
B) fidelity 
C) mate choice 
D) preferability C

Question 2

Due to reproductive isolation,a new species of weaver bird is evolving.Is it likely to use a social or solitary nesting strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) It depends on whether it lives in the forest or the open savanna. 
B) It depends on whether it lives in near water or near the desert. 
C) It depends on how many similar species it is competing with. 
D) It depends on how many eggs it lays. 
A) It depends on whether it lives in the forest or the open savanna. 
B) It depends on whether it lives in near water or near the desert. 
C) It depends on how many similar species it is competing with. 
D) It depends on how many eggs it lays. A

Question 3

If a scientist is conducting a study of how an animal's senses provide a physiological basis for a particular behavior,what type of causation is she exploring?

Accepted Answer

A) ultimate causation 
B) proximate causation 
C) stereotyped causation 
D) ethnological causation 
E) fixed action pattern causation 
A) ultimate causation 
B) proximate causation 
C) stereotyped causation 
D) ethnological causation 
E) fixed action pattern causation B

Question 4

A zoo is hand-rearing a group of orphaned white-crowned sparrows.What is the best approach to help prepare the males to attract mates when released into the wild?

Accepted Answer

A) Expose the males to a mentor male bird singing their species' song during the critical period. 
B) Expose the males to female pheromones from their species,to initiate development of song circuits during the critical period. 
C) Expose the males to each other during the critical period,to initiate development of song circuits during the critical period. 
D) Expose the males to a variety of birdsongs during the critical period. 
A) Expose the males to a mentor male bird singing their species' song during the critical period. 
B) Expose the males to female pheromones from their species,to initiate development of song circuits during the critical period. 
C) Expose the males to each other during the critical period,to initiate development of song circuits during the critical period. 
D) Expose the males to a variety of birdsongs during the critical period.

Question 5

Which of the following are eusocial (true social)insects? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) ants 
B) fruit flies 
C) honeybees 
D) termites 
E) wasps 
A) ants 
B) fruit flies 
C) honeybees 
D) termites 
E) wasps

Question 6

The vertical dive of a moth for cover when it hears the ultrasound chirps of an approaching bat is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus. 
B) fixed action pattern. 
C) innate releasing mechanism. 
D) supernormal stimulus. 
E) kinesis. 
A) sign stimulus. 
B) fixed action pattern. 
C) innate releasing mechanism. 
D) supernormal stimulus. 
E) kinesis.

Question 7

If a scientist is conducting a study of how a male bird's song and the female bird's response evolved,what type of causation is she exploring?

Accepted Answer

A) ultimate causation 
B) proximate causation 
C) stereotyped causation 
D) ethnological causation 
E) fixed action pattern causation 
A) ultimate causation 
B) proximate causation 
C) stereotyped causation 
D) ethnological causation 
E) fixed action pattern causation

Question 8

Hamilton explained the origin of altruism in selected insect societies with his kin selection model of sex determination.Since males are haploid and females are diploid,the workers share a very high proportion of alleles,theoretically as high as 75%.What is this called?

Accepted Answer

A) diploidy 
B) haploidy 
C) haplodiploidy 
D) parthenogenesis 
E) altruism 
A) diploidy 
B) haploidy 
C) haplodiploidy 
D) parthenogenesis 
E) altruism

Question 9

B.F.Skinner first introduced operant conditioning experiments.What happens in these experiments?

Accepted Answer

A) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a fixed action pattern. 
B) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with an instinct. 
C) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with its biological clock. 
D) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a reward or a punishment. 
E) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a conditional stimulus. 
A) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a fixed action pattern. 
B) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with an instinct. 
C) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with its biological clock. 
D) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a reward or a punishment. 
E) An animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a conditional stimulus.

Question 10

A behavior that has evolved to aid relatives,although at personal risk,and thus increases the chance of your genes being passed on to the next generation is known as

Accepted Answer

A) altricial behavior. 
B) instinctive behavior. 
C) kin selection. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) adaptive behavior. 
A) altricial behavior. 
B) instinctive behavior. 
C) kin selection. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) adaptive behavior.

Question 11

Research on starlings indicates that young birds migrate by ________,but older birds use true ________.

Accepted Answer

A) orientation; navigation 
B) navigation; migration 
C) migration; orientation 
D) navigation; orientation 
A) orientation; navigation 
B) navigation; migration 
C) migration; orientation 
D) navigation; orientation

Question 12

A nonassociative learning called ________ can be defined as a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus that has no positive or negative consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive learning 
B) imprinting 
C) desensitization learning 
D) habituation 
E) cognitive learning 
A) instinctive learning 
B) imprinting 
C) desensitization learning 
D) habituation 
E) cognitive learning

Question 13

Which best describes the role of neurotransmitters in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) In specific ecological contexts,neurotransmitters can be important for behavior.For instance,aggression requires the neurotransmitter serotonin. 
B) Some specific behaviors will require neurotransmitters.For instance,aggression requires the neurotransmitter serotonin. 
C) Neurotransmitters allow neurons to communicate,and are thus involved in all behaviors.Levels of specific neurotransmitters have been associated with levels of specific behaviors -- such as serotonin and aggression. 
D) Neurotransmitters have been developed for researchers who want to manipulate animal behaviors.For instance,serotonin can be applied to lobsters to increase aggression. 
A) In specific ecological contexts,neurotransmitters can be important for behavior.For instance,aggression requires the neurotransmitter serotonin. 
B) Some specific behaviors will require neurotransmitters.For instance,aggression requires the neurotransmitter serotonin. 
C) Neurotransmitters allow neurons to communicate,and are thus involved in all behaviors.Levels of specific neurotransmitters have been associated with levels of specific behaviors -- such as serotonin and aggression. 
D) Neurotransmitters have been developed for researchers who want to manipulate animal behaviors.For instance,serotonin can be applied to lobsters to increase aggression.

Question 14

Animals that acquire energy efficiently during foraging will increase their fitness by having more energy available for ________.

Accepted Answer

A) competition 
B) defenses 
C) respiration 
D) reproduction 
A) competition 
B) defenses 
C) respiration 
D) reproduction

Question 15

A bird sanctuary sometimes takes over the care of eggs or chicks of an endangered duck species if the parents are killed.They are sometimes able to use mothers of farm ducks to cross-foster the chicks,but it doesn't always work.Looking at the following data table,what is the critical period for imprinting in this species? (Note: DAH stands for "days after hatching".)

Accepted Answer

A) The critical period extends from 1 to 3 DAH. 
B) The critical period extends from 3 to 8 DAH. 
C) The critical period ends sometime between 1 and 3 DAH.We can not determine from this data when the critical period begins. 
D) The critical period ends sometime between 3 and 8 DAH.We can not determine from this data when the critical period begins. 
A) The critical period extends from 1 to 3 DAH. 
B) The critical period extends from 3 to 8 DAH. 
C) The critical period ends sometime between 1 and 3 DAH.We can not determine from this data when the critical period begins. 
D) The critical period ends sometime between 3 and 8 DAH.We can not determine from this data when the critical period begins.

Question 16

If a behavior has evolved by natural selection,it must have ________.

Accepted Answer

A) benefits for both males and females 
B) reduced the predation rate on the animal 
C) evolved the same way in each species 
D) a genetic basis 
A) benefits for both males and females 
B) reduced the predation rate on the animal 
C) evolved the same way in each species 
D) a genetic basis

Question 17

Tinbergen is credited with founding the field of behavioral ________,the study of how natural selection shapes behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) genetics 
B) ecology 
C) symptomatology 
D) demographics 
A) genetics 
B) ecology 
C) symptomatology 
D) demographics

Question 18

Correctly rephrase the following famous quote from J.B.S.Haldane."I would lay down my life in order to save two brothers or ________."

Accepted Answer

A) one son or daughter 
B) four cousins 
C) three uncles 
D) two nephews and one son or daughter 
E) two grandsons or granddaughters 
A) one son or daughter 
B) four cousins 
C) three uncles 
D) two nephews and one son or daughter 
E) two grandsons or granddaughters

Question 19

Artificial selection and hybridization can demonstrate the ________ basis of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) operant 
C) genetic 
D) associational 
E) endogenous 
A) cognitive 
B) operant 
C) genetic 
D) associational 
E) endogenous

Question 20

In which of the following examples has communication occurred? (Check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) A bird gives an alarm call when a hawk approaches,but no other birds are in the area. 
B) A bird sings from the top of a tree in its territory attracting a female of the same species to it. 
C) A bird sings from the top of a tree in its territory keeping other birds of the same species from trespassing. 
D) An ant lays down a trail of pheromones that other ants follow. 
E) A waggle dancing bee feeds some of the nectar she is carrying to bees attending her dance; they now know what type of flowers she has visited. 
A) A bird gives an alarm call when a hawk approaches,but no other birds are in the area. 
B) A bird sings from the top of a tree in its territory attracting a female of the same species to it. 
C) A bird sings from the top of a tree in its territory keeping other birds of the same species from trespassing. 
D) An ant lays down a trail of pheromones that other ants follow. 
E) A waggle dancing bee feeds some of the nectar she is carrying to bees attending her dance; they now know what type of flowers she has visited.

Exam 53: Behavioral Biology

The degree of parental investment required often results in the nonrandom mating behavior called ________.

Due to reproductive isolation,a new species of weaver bird is evolving.Is it likely to use a social or solitary nesting strategy?

If a scientist is conducting a study of how an animal's senses provide a physiological basis for a particular behavior,what type of causation is she exploring?

A zoo is hand-rearing a group of orphaned white-crowned sparrows.What is the best approach to help prepare the males to attract mates when released into the wild?

Which of the following are eusocial (true social)insects? (Check all that apply.)

The vertical dive of a moth for cover when it hears the ultrasound chirps of an approaching bat is an example of a(n)

If a scientist is conducting a study of how a male bird's song and the female bird's response evolved,what type of causation is she exploring?

Hamilton explained the origin of altruism in selected insect societies with his kin selection model of sex determination.Since males are haploid and females are diploid,the workers share a very high proportion of alleles,theoretically as high as 75%.What is this called?

B.F.Skinner first introduced operant conditioning experiments.What happens in these experiments?

A behavior that has evolved to aid relatives,although at personal risk,and thus increases the chance of your genes being passed on to the next generation is known as

Research on starlings indicates that young birds migrate by ________,but older birds use true ________.

A nonassociative learning called ________ can be defined as a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus that has no positive or negative consequences.

Which best describes the role of neurotransmitters in behavior?

Animals that acquire energy efficiently during foraging will increase their fitness by having more energy available for ________.

If a behavior has evolved by natural selection,it must have ________.

Tinbergen is credited with founding the field of behavioral ________,the study of how natural selection shapes behavior.

Correctly rephrase the following famous quote from J.B.S.Haldane."I would lay down my life in order to save two brothers or ________."

Artificial selection and hybridization can demonstrate the ________ basis of behavior.

In which of the following examples has communication occurred? (Check all that apply)

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Research on starlings indicates that young birds migrate by ,but older birds use true .