Question 1

The depolarization of the heart is initiated by the

Accepted Answer

A) left and right bundle branches. 
B) sinoatrial node. 
C) atrioventricular node. 
D) Purkinje fibers. 
E) bundle of HIS. 
A) left and right bundle branches. 
B) sinoatrial node. 
C) atrioventricular node. 
D) Purkinje fibers. 
E) bundle of HIS. B

Question 2

What class of sensory receptors directly affects the activity of the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata?

Accepted Answer

A) sensory cells in the juxtaglomerular apparati of the kidneys 
B) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
C) baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid arteries 
D) blood pH chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies 
E) blood glucose sensors in the pancreas 
A) sensory cells in the juxtaglomerular apparati of the kidneys 
B) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
C) baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid arteries 
D) blood pH chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies 
E) blood glucose sensors in the pancreas C

Question 3

Which blood cell type is correctly matched to its function?

Accepted Answer

A) platelets-hematopoiesis 
B) leukocytes-blood clotting 
C) erythrocytes-immunity 
D) leukocytes-oxygen transport 
E) monocytes-defense against microorganisms 
A) platelets-hematopoiesis 
B) leukocytes-blood clotting 
C) erythrocytes-immunity 
D) leukocytes-oxygen transport 
E) monocytes-defense against microorganisms E

Question 4

Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system,which branches from arteries into fine ________.

Accepted Answer

A) arterioles 
B) venules 
C) capillaries 
D) veins 
A) arterioles 
B) venules 
C) capillaries 
D) veins

Question 5

When lungs evolved in vertebrates,the evolution of _____ also occurred in the circulation of blood within those vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A) double circulation 
B) red blood cells 
C) a lymphatic system 
D) a muscular heart 
E) more plasma 
A) double circulation 
B) red blood cells 
C) a lymphatic system 
D) a muscular heart 
E) more plasma

Question 6

Which animal is likely to have the circulatory pattern shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) frog 
B) crocodile 
C) bird 
D) mammal 
E) fish 
A) frog 
B) crocodile 
C) bird 
D) mammal 
E) fish

Question 7

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart,the structure(s)containing blood with the highest O2 concentration is/are the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) pulmonary arteries 
B) pulmonary veins 
C) right atrium 
D) inferior vena cava 
E) right ventricle 
A) pulmonary arteries 
B) pulmonary veins 
C) right atrium 
D) inferior vena cava 
E) right ventricle

Question 8

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Accepted Answer

A) the right ventricle only pumps blood into the right atrium. 
B) the left ventricle pumps more total blood than the right ventricle. 
C) the left ventricle pumps blood with a higher hematocrit than the blood that leaves the right ventricle. 
D) the left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body at high pressure. 
E) the left ventricle is always contracting to maintain a systemic blood pressure. 
A) the right ventricle only pumps blood into the right atrium. 
B) the left ventricle pumps more total blood than the right ventricle. 
C) the left ventricle pumps blood with a higher hematocrit than the blood that leaves the right ventricle. 
D) the left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body at high pressure. 
E) the left ventricle is always contracting to maintain a systemic blood pressure.

Question 9

One mechanism that some animals use to limit heat loss in cold environments is

Accepted Answer

A) vasodilation of the near surface blood vessels. 
B) vasodilation of below surface blood vessels. 
C) vasoconstriction of the precapillary sphincters in the skin. 
D) vasoconstriction of veins. 
E) increasing cardiac output. 
A) vasodilation of the near surface blood vessels. 
B) vasodilation of below surface blood vessels. 
C) vasoconstriction of the precapillary sphincters in the skin. 
D) vasoconstriction of veins. 
E) increasing cardiac output.

Question 10

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type (open or closed)?

Accepted Answer

A) oyster-open 
B) cricket-closed 
C) earthworm-closed 
D) lobster-open 
E) killer whale-closed 
A) oyster-open 
B) cricket-closed 
C) earthworm-closed 
D) lobster-open 
E) killer whale-closed

Question 11

The P wave of the ECG represents

Accepted Answer

A) the contraction of the atria. 
B) the relaxation of the atria. 
C) the depolarization of the atria. 
D) the repolarization of the atria. 
E) the contraction of the ventricle. 
A) the contraction of the atria. 
B) the relaxation of the atria. 
C) the depolarization of the atria. 
D) the repolarization of the atria. 
E) the contraction of the ventricle.

Question 12

What would happen if your SA node and AV node fired at same time?

Accepted Answer

A) The QRS wave on an ECG would disappear,as it would be masked by the P wave. 
B) Your stroke volume would decrease. 
C) Blood would be forced back into the atria from the ventricles. 
D) Your blood pressure would increase. 
E) The production of nitric oxide by your endothelial cells would increase. 
A) The QRS wave on an ECG would disappear,as it would be masked by the P wave. 
B) Your stroke volume would decrease. 
C) Blood would be forced back into the atria from the ventricles. 
D) Your blood pressure would increase. 
E) The production of nitric oxide by your endothelial cells would increase.

Question 13

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Accepted Answer

A) complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
B) that blood is pumped into body tissues at high pressure. 
C) there is an extra place to store blood when the animal is at rest. 
D) not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart. 
E) that there are two muscular regions for pumping blood out of the heart to different organs. 
A) complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
B) that blood is pumped into body tissues at high pressure. 
C) there is an extra place to store blood when the animal is at rest. 
D) not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart. 
E) that there are two muscular regions for pumping blood out of the heart to different organs.

Question 14

What would be the physiological effect of an increase in the venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased cardiac output 
B) increased secretion of ADH (vasopressin) 
C) increased stroke volume 
D) decreased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
A) decreased cardiac output 
B) increased secretion of ADH (vasopressin) 
C) increased stroke volume 
D) decreased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Question 15

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen,nutrient,and waste transport. 
B) creation of red and white blood cells. 
C) blood clotting and immune defense. 
D) temperature regulation. 
E) hormone transport. 
A) oxygen,nutrient,and waste transport. 
B) creation of red and white blood cells. 
C) blood clotting and immune defense. 
D) temperature regulation. 
E) hormone transport.

Question 16

The graph below can be used to understand the forces underlying the movement of fluid between the blood and the interstitial fluid.What is a true statement concerning these processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium ions contribute significantly to the movement of fluid in region B. 
B) In people suffering from severe liver disease or protein starvation,the fluid flow in region B is increased. 
C) Edema results from reduction of fluid flow in region A. 
D) Fluid leaves the blood in region A and returns to the blood in region B. 
E) Normally,the net amount of fluid flow in region A is less than the net amount of fluid flow in region B. 
A) Sodium ions contribute significantly to the movement of fluid in region B. 
B) In people suffering from severe liver disease or protein starvation,the fluid flow in region B is increased. 
C) Edema results from reduction of fluid flow in region A. 
D) Fluid leaves the blood in region A and returns to the blood in region B. 
E) Normally,the net amount of fluid flow in region A is less than the net amount of fluid flow in region B.

Question 17

The blood pressure in your brachial artery is at its lowest during

Accepted Answer

A) exercise. 
B) the time the aorta is maximally stretched. 
C) the systolic period. 
D) the diastolic period. 
E) ventricular contraction. 
A) exercise. 
B) the time the aorta is maximally stretched. 
C) the systolic period. 
D) the diastolic period. 
E) ventricular contraction.

Question 18

Mammalian,bird,and crocodile hearts have four chambers with two separate atria and ventricles to ensure ________ different circuits for blood flow.

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) eight 
A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) eight

Question 19

You are taking a lab practical exam,and one station has pins in various internal structures of a bisected mammalian heart.You can orient yourself without picking up and examining the exterior of the heart because

Accepted Answer

A) the width of the external wall of the right ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
B) the width of the external wall of the left atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
C) the width of the external wall of the left ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
D) the width of the external wall of the right atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
E) the ascending aorta exits from the right ventricle. 
A) the width of the external wall of the right ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
B) the width of the external wall of the left atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
C) the width of the external wall of the left ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
D) the width of the external wall of the right atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
E) the ascending aorta exits from the right ventricle.

Question 20

In birds and mammals,a vestige of the sinus venosus of the fish heart remains as the sinoatrial node,which serves as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) diastole detector. 
B) baroreceptor. 
C) site of erythropoiesis. 
D) inhibitory node. 
E) pacemaker. 
A) diastole detector. 
B) baroreceptor. 
C) site of erythropoiesis. 
D) inhibitory node. 
E) pacemaker.

Exam 48: The Circulatory System

The depolarization of the heart is initiated by the

What class of sensory receptors directly affects the activity of the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata?

Which blood cell type is correctly matched to its function?

Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system,which branches from arteries into fine ________.

When lungs evolved in vertebrates,the evolution of _____ also occurred in the circulation of blood within those vertebrates.

Which animal is likely to have the circulatory pattern shown in the figure?

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart,the structure(s)containing blood with the highest O2 concentration is/are the ________.

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

One mechanism that some animals use to limit heat loss in cold environments is

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type (open or closed)?

The P wave of the ECG represents

What would happen if your SA node and AV node fired at same time?

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

What would be the physiological effect of an increase in the venous return to the heart?

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

The graph below can be used to understand the forces underlying the movement of fluid between the blood and the interstitial fluid.What is a true statement concerning these processes?

The blood pressure in your brachial artery is at its lowest during

Mammalian,bird,and crocodile hearts have four chambers with two separate atria and ventricles to ensure ________ different circuits for blood flow.

You are taking a lab practical exam,and one station has pins in various internal structures of a bisected mammalian heart.You can orient yourself without picking up and examining the exterior of the heart because

In birds and mammals,a vestige of the sinus venosus of the fish heart remains as the sinoatrial node,which serves as a(n)

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart,the structure(s)containing blood with the highest O₂ concentration is/are the ________.