Question 1

Amanda is a microbiologist who studies the pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes.In what ways are they (Amanda and the bacteria)similar?

Accepted Answer

A) Both have cell walls. 
B) Both have linear chromosomes. 
C) Both have mitochondria for ATP production. 
D) Both are capable of sexual reproduction. 
E) Both obtain carbon from consuming organic molecules. 
A) Both have cell walls. 
B) Both have linear chromosomes. 
C) Both have mitochondria for ATP production. 
D) Both are capable of sexual reproduction. 
E) Both obtain carbon from consuming organic molecules. E

Question 2

Genes abc and def have a high average cotransduction frequency.Genes abc and xyz have a very low average cotransduction frequency.What is the best explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

A) The genes abc and def are much closer to each other on the chromosome. 
B) The genes abc and def must share a higher degree of sequence similarity. 
C) Both genes have a high affinity for the viral binding sites. 
D) Both genes code for gene products that are necessary for viral replication. 
A) The genes abc and def are much closer to each other on the chromosome. 
B) The genes abc and def must share a higher degree of sequence similarity. 
C) Both genes have a high affinity for the viral binding sites. 
D) Both genes code for gene products that are necessary for viral replication. A

Question 3

Genetic diversity in bacteria is created by mutation and ________.

Accepted Answer

recombination

Question 4

The enzymes for cellular respiration in eukaryotic organisms are located within the mitochondria.In prokaryotic organisms,these enzymes are attached to the

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall. 
B) cell membrane. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) circular DNA. 
E) nuclear membrane. 
A) cell wall. 
B) cell membrane. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) circular DNA. 
E) nuclear membrane.

Question 5

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions,they form thick-walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm.These structures are called

Accepted Answer

A) plasmids. 
B) pseudomonads. 
C) nucleoids. 
D) endospores. 
E) exospores. 
A) plasmids. 
B) pseudomonads. 
C) nucleoids. 
D) endospores. 
E) exospores.

Question 6

The cells wall of bacteria Z contains high concentrations of phospholipids along with proteins and relatively low amounts of lipopolysaccharide.When bacteria Z is gram stained,it will most like be colored?

Accepted Answer

A) Purple 
B) Pink 
C) Blue 
D) Clear,it does not retain any stain 
A) Purple 
B) Pink 
C) Blue 
D) Clear,it does not retain any stain

Question 7

Farmers often practice crop rotation to help enrich agricultural fields.Why are beans and other legumes often used in the rotations?

Accepted Answer

A) Beans fix nitrogen. 
B) Bacteria in legume root nodules are nitrifiers. 
C) Legumes enrich the soil by forming heterocysts. 
D) Legumes remove toxins from the soil. 
E) Less carbon dioxide. 
A) Beans fix nitrogen. 
B) Bacteria in legume root nodules are nitrifiers. 
C) Legumes enrich the soil by forming heterocysts. 
D) Legumes remove toxins from the soil. 
E) Less carbon dioxide.

Question 8

Members of the genus ________ are associated with scarlet fever,rheumatic fever,pneumonia,etc.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Members of the genus ________ are associated...

Question 9

Archaea differ from Bacteria in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall composition. 
B) plasma membrane make up. 
C) DNA replication. 
D) gene expression. 
E) the presence of a nucleoid region. 
A) cell wall composition. 
B) plasma membrane make up. 
C) DNA replication. 
D) gene expression. 
E) the presence of a nucleoid region.

Question 10

If left untreated,syphilis infections go through four stages.The first stage is a sore called a chancre.The signs of the second stage are

Accepted Answer

A) some nerve damage,loss of some teeth,and perhaps a dimming of color vision. 
B) very few,with many victims having no symptoms. 
C) rash,sore throat,and sores in the mouth 
D) persistence of the chancre and bleeding at the chancre site. 
E) a yellowish-white discharge from the urethra. 
A) some nerve damage,loss of some teeth,and perhaps a dimming of color vision. 
B) very few,with many victims having no symptoms. 
C) rash,sore throat,and sores in the mouth 
D) persistence of the chancre and bleeding at the chancre site. 
E) a yellowish-white discharge from the urethra.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis (TB)is false?

Accepted Answer

A) MDR TB is more expensive to treat. 
B) Not completing a full course of antibiotic can select for MDR strains. 
C) HIV and TB can be transmitted in the same manner. 
D) The spread of TB can be very rapid. 
E) The reservoir of TB is humans and no vector is required for transmission. 
A) MDR TB is more expensive to treat. 
B) Not completing a full course of antibiotic can select for MDR strains. 
C) HIV and TB can be transmitted in the same manner. 
D) The spread of TB can be very rapid. 
E) The reservoir of TB is humans and no vector is required for transmission.

Question 12

Prokaryotes reproduce rapidly and this allows genetic variation to spread quickly through a population.Two processes can create new variations in prokaryotic populations.Select the choice with those two processes.

Accepted Answer

A) mutation and phage viral attack 
B) phage viral attack and genetic recombination 
C) genetic recombination and nondisjunction 
D) genetic recombination and mutation 
E) genetic recombination and rapid cell division 
A) mutation and phage viral attack 
B) phage viral attack and genetic recombination 
C) genetic recombination and nondisjunction 
D) genetic recombination and mutation 
E) genetic recombination and rapid cell division

Question 13

You expose a tube of bacteria to ultraviolet radiation to induce mutations.You then spread the bacteria on a plate containing media with all known required nutrients and wait until separate colonies form.Finally,you use replicate plating to transfer a print of this plate to an additional sterile plate containing minimal media plus a known required nutrient for the bacteria.Based on this protocol,colonies growing on the plate with minimal media would include what type of cells?

Accepted Answer

A) only wild-type bacteria 
B) only mutant bacteria 
C) mutants that only require the supplied nutrient 
D) Both wild-type and all mutants 
E) wild-type bacteria and the mutants that only require the supplied nutrient 
A) only wild-type bacteria 
B) only mutant bacteria 
C) mutants that only require the supplied nutrient 
D) Both wild-type and all mutants 
E) wild-type bacteria and the mutants that only require the supplied nutrient

Question 14

Which of the following events is least likely to result in a genetic change in a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) pilus formation 
B) conjugation 
C) specialized transduction 
D) generalized transduction 
E) natural transformation 
A) pilus formation 
B) conjugation 
C) specialized transduction 
D) generalized transduction 
E) natural transformation

Question 15

The fungus Penicillium produces a compound that blocks peptidoglycan assembly.Why is a fungus trying to kill bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi eat bacteria. 
B) Fungi and bacteria are both decomposers and compete for resources. 
C) The compound produced by the fungus is used for nitrogen fixation,the antibacterial properties are accidental. 
D) The fungal compound is produced in response to a bacterial invasion of the fungal hyphae. 
A) Fungi eat bacteria. 
B) Fungi and bacteria are both decomposers and compete for resources. 
C) The compound produced by the fungus is used for nitrogen fixation,the antibacterial properties are accidental. 
D) The fungal compound is produced in response to a bacterial invasion of the fungal hyphae.

Question 16

Prokaryotic cell walls consist of a network of polysaccharide molecules connected by cross-bridges of

Accepted Answer

A) other polysaccharides. 
B) lipids. 
C) peptides. 
D) ribosomes. 
E) chromosomal DNA. 
A) other polysaccharides. 
B) lipids. 
C) peptides. 
D) ribosomes. 
E) chromosomal DNA.

Question 17

An oil spill occurs,and Greg (a member of the clean up team)suggests adding fertilizer.Why is he making this suggestion?

Accepted Answer

A) The fertilizer encourages the growth of microbes that can break down the oil. 
B) The chemicals in the fertilizer digest the oil residues. 
C) The fertilizer interacts with the oil droplets and renders them harmless. 
D) The fertilizer volitizes the oil. 
A) The fertilizer encourages the growth of microbes that can break down the oil. 
B) The chemicals in the fertilizer digest the oil residues. 
C) The fertilizer interacts with the oil droplets and renders them harmless. 
D) The fertilizer volitizes the oil.

Question 18

A microbiologist is conducting a research project on chemolithoautotrophs.This means that the investigator is examining certain aspects of a bacterium that

Accepted Answer

A) can oxidize inorganic molecules such as ammonia and sulfur for energy. 
B) is a purple nonsulfur bacteria which depends on light. 
C) obtains carbon from organic molecules. 
D) can use the energy from sunlight to build organic molecules from carbon dioxide. 
E) uses light as its energy source and carbon for organic compounds. 
A) can oxidize inorganic molecules such as ammonia and sulfur for energy. 
B) is a purple nonsulfur bacteria which depends on light. 
C) obtains carbon from organic molecules. 
D) can use the energy from sunlight to build organic molecules from carbon dioxide. 
E) uses light as its energy source and carbon for organic compounds.

Question 19

If the label on a slide reads Gram-positive bacillus,what would a students expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A) Pink helical cells 
B) Purple rod shaped cells 
C) Red spherical cells 
D) Blue coiled cells 
A) Pink helical cells 
B) Purple rod shaped cells 
C) Red spherical cells 
D) Blue coiled cells

Question 20

Which of the following statements about transformation is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The bacterium E.coli is incapable of natural transformation. 
B) Like transduction and conjugation,natural transformation is an "accident" of plasmid biology. 
C) Artificial transformation is essential to many recombinant DNA techniques. 
D) All R-plasmids contain antibiotic-resistance genes. 
E) Natural transformation of the Enterobacteriaceae is a significant public health risk. 
A) The bacterium E.coli is incapable of natural transformation. 
B) Like transduction and conjugation,natural transformation is an "accident" of plasmid biology. 
C) Artificial transformation is essential to many recombinant DNA techniques. 
D) All R-plasmids contain antibiotic-resistance genes. 
E) Natural transformation of the Enterobacteriaceae is a significant public health risk.

Exam 27: Prokaryotes

Amanda is a microbiologist who studies the pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes.In what ways are they (Amanda and the bacteria)similar?

Genes abc and def have a high average cotransduction frequency.Genes abc and xyz have a very low average cotransduction frequency.What is the best explanation for this difference?

Genetic diversity in bacteria is created by mutation and ________.

The enzymes for cellular respiration in eukaryotic organisms are located within the mitochondria.In prokaryotic organisms,these enzymes are attached to the

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions,they form thick-walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm.These structures are called

The cells wall of bacteria Z contains high concentrations of phospholipids along with proteins and relatively low amounts of lipopolysaccharide.When bacteria Z is gram stained,it will most like be colored?

Farmers often practice crop rotation to help enrich agricultural fields.Why are beans and other legumes often used in the rotations?

Members of the genus ________ are associated with scarlet fever,rheumatic fever,pneumonia,etc.

Archaea differ from Bacteria in all of the following EXCEPT

If left untreated,syphilis infections go through four stages.The first stage is a sore called a chancre.The signs of the second stage are

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis (TB)is false?

Prokaryotes reproduce rapidly and this allows genetic variation to spread quickly through a population.Two processes can create new variations in prokaryotic populations.Select the choice with those two processes.

Which of the following events is least likely to result in a genetic change in a bacterium?

The fungus Penicillium produces a compound that blocks peptidoglycan assembly.Why is a fungus trying to kill bacteria?

Prokaryotic cell walls consist of a network of polysaccharide molecules connected by cross-bridges of

An oil spill occurs,and Greg (a member of the clean up team)suggests adding fertilizer.Why is he making this suggestion?

A microbiologist is conducting a research project on chemolithoautotrophs.This means that the investigator is examining certain aspects of a bacterium that

If the label on a slide reads Gram-positive bacillus,what would a students expect to see?

Which of the following statements about transformation is false?

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