Question 1

During exhalation,the diaphragm ________.

Accepted Answer

A) contracts and moves down 
B) relaxes and moves up 
C) relaxes and moves down 
D) contracts and moves up 
A) contracts and moves down 
B) relaxes and moves up 
C) relaxes and moves down 
D) contracts and moves up B

Question 2

Ciliated gills in clams,sharks continuously swimming with their mouths partly open,countercurrent flow of blood and water in fish gills,and the use of air sacs to effect unidirectional flow of air through bird lungs are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) D 
B) Δp 
C) d 
D) A 
A) D 
B) Δp 
C) d 
D) A B

Question 3

The gas exchange surfaces in a mammalian lung are organized into structures that look like clusters of hollow grapes.The hollow,grape-like structures are the________.

Accepted Answer

A) spiracles 
B) lamellae 
C) alveoli 
D) papulae 
E) bronchi 
A) spiracles 
B) lamellae 
C) alveoli 
D) papulae 
E) bronchi C

Question 4

Which dissolved gas cannot be transported by hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) nitric acid (NO) 
B) oxygen (O2) 
C) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
D) carbon monoxide (CO) 
E) nitrogen (N2) 
A) nitric acid (NO) 
B) oxygen (O2) 
C) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
D) carbon monoxide (CO) 
E) nitrogen (N2)

Question 5

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
B) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
C) increasing the concentration difference 
D) changing the diffusion constant 
A) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
B) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
C) increasing the concentration difference 
D) changing the diffusion constant

Question 6

The primary advantage of gills versus the body surface for gas exchange in aquatic animals is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) gills are located near the mouth 
B) all gills contain a countercurrent exchange system 
C) gills have a much greater diffusion surface area 
D) gills decrease resistance to movement 
A) gills are located near the mouth 
B) all gills contain a countercurrent exchange system 
C) gills have a much greater diffusion surface area 
D) gills decrease resistance to movement

Question 7

In the countercurrent exchange in a fish's gills,the oxygen concentration is always ________ in the water than the blood along the entire pathway of each lamella.

Accepted Answer

A) higher 
B) lower 
C) the same 
A) higher 
B) lower 
C) the same

Question 8

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians 
B) reptiles 
C) birds 
D) mammals 
A) amphibians 
B) reptiles 
C) birds 
D) mammals

Question 9

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A) is about 78.1%. 
B) is about 21.0%. 
C) is about 0.03%. 
D) varies depending on the altitude. 
E) is inversely proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen. 
A) is about 78.1%. 
B) is about 21.0%. 
C) is about 0.03%. 
D) varies depending on the altitude. 
E) is inversely proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 10

During exercise,the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ________ saturated.

Accepted Answer

A) 3% 
B) 22% 
C) 35% 
D) 75% 
E) 97% 
A) 3% 
B) 22% 
C) 35% 
D) 75% 
E) 97%

Question 11

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

What change would increase the rate of oxygen diffusing from lung alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in the hemoglobin concentration of the red blood cells 
B) A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli 
C) An increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood entering the lungs 
D) A decrease in the pH of the blood entering the lungs 
E) An increase in the humidity of air in the lungs 
A) An increase in the hemoglobin concentration of the red blood cells 
B) A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli 
C) An increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood entering the lungs 
D) A decrease in the pH of the blood entering the lungs 
E) An increase in the humidity of air in the lungs

Question 13

In tissue capillaries,________ combines with water to form carbonic acid,which after being transported to the lungs,dissociates back to its constituents.

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) O2 
C) H2CO3 
D) hemoglobin 
E) HCO3- 
A) CO2 
B) O2 
C) H2CO3 
D) hemoglobin 
E) HCO3-

Question 14

Each breath is initiated by neurons in the "respiratory control center" located in the

Accepted Answer

A) spinal cord. 
B) larynx. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) medulla oblongata. 
E) carotid body. 
A) spinal cord. 
B) larynx. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) medulla oblongata. 
E) carotid body.

Question 15

In which PO2 environment would hemoglobin most easily release its O2?

Accepted Answer

A) 40 mm Hg 
B) 65 mm Hg 
C) 75 mm Hg 
D) 90 mm Hg 
E) 100 mm Hg 
A) 40 mm Hg 
B) 65 mm Hg 
C) 75 mm Hg 
D) 90 mm Hg 
E) 100 mm Hg

Question 16

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs,whereas all the others have tidal flow?

Accepted Answer

A) birds 
B) amphibians 
C) mammals 
D) reptiles 
A) birds 
B) amphibians 
C) mammals 
D) reptiles

Question 17

The close proximity of capillaries to the alveoli in lungs improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
B) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
C) increasing the concentration difference 
D) changing the diffusion constant 
A) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
B) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
C) increasing the concentration difference 
D) changing the diffusion constant

Question 18

The most efficient lungs with respect to oxygen uptake are found in this group of vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians 
B) birds 
C) fish 
D) mammals 
E) reptiles 
A) amphibians 
B) birds 
C) fish 
D) mammals 
E) reptiles

Question 19

The axolotl,an aquatic amphibian,uses ________ for gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) internal gills 
B) external gills 
C) lungs 
D) tracheal tubes 
E) papulae 
A) internal gills 
B) external gills 
C) lungs 
D) tracheal tubes 
E) papulae

Question 20

Ram ventilation is used by ________ during respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) frogs 
B) tuna 
C) whales 
D) penguins 
E) salamanders 
A) frogs 
B) tuna 
C) whales 
D) penguins 
E) salamanders

Exam 47: The Respiratory System

During exhalation,the diaphragm ________.

The gas exchange surfaces in a mammalian lung are organized into structures that look like clusters of hollow grapes.The hollow,grape-like structures are the________.

Which dissolved gas cannot be transported by hemoglobin?

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

The primary advantage of gills versus the body surface for gas exchange in aquatic animals is that ________.

In the countercurrent exchange in a fish's gills,the oxygen concentration is always ________ in the water than the blood along the entire pathway of each lamella.

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

During exercise,the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ________ saturated.

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

What change would increase the rate of oxygen diffusing from lung alveoli into the blood?

In tissue capillaries,________ combines with water to form carbonic acid,which after being transported to the lungs,dissociates back to its constituents.

Each breath is initiated by neurons in the "respiratory control center" located in the

In which PO2 environment would hemoglobin most easily release its O2?

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs,whereas all the others have tidal flow?

The close proximity of capillaries to the alveoli in lungs improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

The most efficient lungs with respect to oxygen uptake are found in this group of vertebrates.

The axolotl,an aquatic amphibian,uses ________ for gas exchange.

Ram ventilation is used by ________ during respiration.

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In which P_O2 environment would hemoglobin most easily release its O₂?