Question 1

Choose the true statement about genome size and gene number in animals.

Accepted Answer

A) There is a strong correlation between the number of genes and genome size. 
B) Much of the extra DNA in humans is in the form of exons. 
C) The pufferfish has a larger genome than humans and more genes. 
D) Genome size differences depend to a large extent on the amount of retrotransposon DNA present. 
A) There is a strong correlation between the number of genes and genome size. 
B) Much of the extra DNA in humans is in the form of exons. 
C) The pufferfish has a larger genome than humans and more genes. 
D) Genome size differences depend to a large extent on the amount of retrotransposon DNA present. D

Question 2

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are ________.

Accepted Answer

pseudogenes

Question 3

During meiosis,a hexaploid hybrid spontaneously eliminates one set of chromosomes (eliminates 1n).What is the most likely result of this deletion?

Accepted Answer

A) The hybrid will no longer be able to reproduce. 
B) The hybrid will be able to reproduce with one of the parental species. 
C) The hybrid will no longer be polyploid. 
D) The hybrid will be able to reproduce only by self-fertilization. 
A) The hybrid will no longer be able to reproduce. 
B) The hybrid will be able to reproduce with one of the parental species. 
C) The hybrid will no longer be polyploid. 
D) The hybrid will be able to reproduce only by self-fertilization. A

Question 4

Choose the true statements about duplicate genes.

Accepted Answer

A) Duplicate genes may retain their ancestral function by their resistance to mutation. 
B) Duplicate genes can gain a derived function through subsequent mutation. 
C) Gene duplication rarely occurs in growth and development genes,immune system genes,and cell-surface receptor genes. 
D) Duplicate genes often share the same pattern of gene expression. 
A) Duplicate genes may retain their ancestral function by their resistance to mutation. 
B) Duplicate genes can gain a derived function through subsequent mutation. 
C) Gene duplication rarely occurs in growth and development genes,immune system genes,and cell-surface receptor genes. 
D) Duplicate genes often share the same pattern of gene expression.

Question 5

The best target for drug development would be

Accepted Answer

A) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease,African sleeping sickness,and Leishmania. 
B) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness but not shared by humans or the organisms causing Leishmania. 
C) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease but not the organisms causing African sleeping sickness or Leishmania. 
D) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease,African sleeping sickness,and Leishmania but not shared by humans. 
A) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease,African sleeping sickness,and Leishmania. 
B) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness but not shared by humans or the organisms causing Leishmania. 
C) genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease but not the organisms causing African sleeping sickness or Leishmania. 
D) genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease,African sleeping sickness,and Leishmania but not shared by humans.

Question 6

The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans,mice,and gorillas,due to its origination in a common ancestor.The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) orthologs 
B) paralogs 
C) polyploidy 
D) synteny 
A) orthologs 
B) paralogs 
C) polyploidy 
D) synteny

Question 7

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana,a small member of the mustard family of plants,and rice,Oryza sativa,have been sequenced.The findings include

Accepted Answer

A) the genome for each is almost identical,indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past. 
B) they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene),probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication. 
C) repetitive DNA,including retrotransposons,was a very small proportion of both genomes. 
D) more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes. 
A) the genome for each is almost identical,indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past. 
B) they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene),probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication. 
C) repetitive DNA,including retrotransposons,was a very small proportion of both genomes. 
D) more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes.

Question 8

Choose the true statement about foreign DNA in the human genome.

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient. 
B) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is coding DNA. 
C) Like the Drosophila genome,the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA. 
D) New foreign DNA is regularly entering the human genome. 
A) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient. 
B) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is coding DNA. 
C) Like the Drosophila genome,the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA. 
D) New foreign DNA is regularly entering the human genome.

Question 9

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR)genes in humans

Accepted Answer

A) have been inactivated,reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates. 
B) have been activated,enhancing our olfactory sense compared to other primates. 
C) have duplicated more frequently,resulting in increased paralogs compared to other primates. 
D) have been conserved more rigidly,resulting in increased orthologs compared to other primates. 
A) have been inactivated,reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates. 
B) have been activated,enhancing our olfactory sense compared to other primates. 
C) have duplicated more frequently,resulting in increased paralogs compared to other primates. 
D) have been conserved more rigidly,resulting in increased orthologs compared to other primates.

Question 10

How can analysis of mammalian genomes be used to detect and treat human disease? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) The genomes of the mammalian relatives of humans are the best targets for discovering new treatments for human diseases. 
B) Comparing the genomes of parasite and host is likely to reveal good drug targets to eliminate the parasite without harming the host. 
C) A comparison of mouse and human genomes would help reveal functions for previously unidentified human genes. 
D) A comparison of human and mouse genomes would help observe DNA sequences that evolved prior to the evolution of mammals. 
A) The genomes of the mammalian relatives of humans are the best targets for discovering new treatments for human diseases. 
B) Comparing the genomes of parasite and host is likely to reveal good drug targets to eliminate the parasite without harming the host. 
C) A comparison of mouse and human genomes would help reveal functions for previously unidentified human genes. 
D) A comparison of human and mouse genomes would help observe DNA sequences that evolved prior to the evolution of mammals.

Question 11

Today,gene swapping between two species is

Accepted Answer

A) impossible,but it happened frequently in the distant past. 
B) infrequent but possible; it happened more often in the distant past. 
C) much more frequent compared to in the distant past. 
D) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms,such as lions and tigers. 
A) impossible,but it happened frequently in the distant past. 
B) infrequent but possible; it happened more often in the distant past. 
C) much more frequent compared to in the distant past. 
D) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms,such as lions and tigers.

Question 12

Over long segments of chromosomes,the linear order of mouse and human genes is preserved.This is called conserved ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over long segments of chromosomes,the linear order...

Question 13

Choose the true statement about the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish. 
B) The order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical. 
C) Both species have about the same amount of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. 
D) About 25% of human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish genome. 
A) Essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish. 
B) The order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical. 
C) Both species have about the same amount of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. 
D) About 25% of human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish genome.

Question 14

The human genome

Accepted Answer

A) has no foreign DNA because it is excised by DNase. 
B) has a very small amount of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
C) has a lot of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
D) has a lot of foreign DNA scattered throughout the genome,including transposons. 
A) has no foreign DNA because it is excised by DNase. 
B) has a very small amount of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
C) has a lot of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
D) has a lot of foreign DNA scattered throughout the genome,including transposons.

Question 15

Choose the true statement about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Jumping of transposons is most common many generations after a polyploidization event. 
B) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids equally. 
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss. 
D) Crop plants rarely show evidence of polyploidization events. 
A) Jumping of transposons is most common many generations after a polyploidization event. 
B) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids equally. 
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss. 
D) Crop plants rarely show evidence of polyploidization events.

Question 16

Choose the true statements about the human and mouse genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) The human genome shares 99% of its genes with the mouse genome. 
B) A comparison of genomes confirms that mice and humans shared a common ancestry more recently than humans and pufferfish. 
C) Very few genes are conserved in the two genomes. 
D) Little rearrangement of genes has occurred in the two genomes. 
A) The human genome shares 99% of its genes with the mouse genome. 
B) A comparison of genomes confirms that mice and humans shared a common ancestry more recently than humans and pufferfish. 
C) Very few genes are conserved in the two genomes. 
D) Little rearrangement of genes has occurred in the two genomes.

Question 17

Choose the true statements about the role of genome analysis in crop improvement.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Conservation of synteny will hinder our ability to find agriculturally important genes in plants. 
B) Arabidopsis is being genetically modified as a crop plant. 
C) Sequencing of the rice genome was important because it is related to many other cereal crop plants. 
D) Insertion of genes from beneficial microbes into plant genomes can be used to improve crop yields. 
A) Conservation of synteny will hinder our ability to find agriculturally important genes in plants. 
B) Arabidopsis is being genetically modified as a crop plant. 
C) Sequencing of the rice genome was important because it is related to many other cereal crop plants. 
D) Insertion of genes from beneficial microbes into plant genomes can be used to improve crop yields.

Question 18

Except in rare cases,genes are usually passed from generation to generation within a species.This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A) horizontal gene transfer 
B) vertical gene transfer 
C) transgenesis 
D) synteny 
A) horizontal gene transfer 
B) vertical gene transfer 
C) transgenesis 
D) synteny

Question 19

The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The entire DNA sequence of a species...

Question 20

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two genes within an organism that arose...

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

Choose the true statement about genome size and gene number in animals.

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are ________.

During meiosis,a hexaploid hybrid spontaneously eliminates one set of chromosomes (eliminates 1n).What is the most likely result of this deletion?

Choose the true statements about duplicate genes.

The best target for drug development would be

The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans,mice,and gorillas,due to its origination in a common ancestor.The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of ________.

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana,a small member of the mustard family of plants,and rice,Oryza sativa,have been sequenced.The findings include

Choose the true statement about foreign DNA in the human genome.

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR)genes in humans

How can analysis of mammalian genomes be used to detect and treat human disease? Check all that apply.

Today,gene swapping between two species is

Over long segments of chromosomes,the linear order of mouse and human genes is preserved.This is called conserved ________.

Choose the true statement about the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genomes.

The human genome

Choose the true statement about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes.

Choose the true statements about the human and mouse genomes.

Choose the true statements about the role of genome analysis in crop improvement.Check all that apply.

Except in rare cases,genes are usually passed from generation to generation within a species.This process is called:

The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its ________.

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are ________.

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