Question 1

Which of the following will have the most effect on species biodiversity in the future?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of invasive zebra mussels in Lake Michigan 
B) prolonged industrial mercury runoff into Lake Ontario 
C) oil and gas pipeline construction in tropical rain forests 
D) reduced water supply downstream due to a dam in China 
A) presence of invasive zebra mussels in Lake Michigan 
B) prolonged industrial mercury runoff into Lake Ontario 
C) oil and gas pipeline construction in tropical rain forests 
D) reduced water supply downstream due to a dam in China C

Question 2

What is caused by excessive nutrient runoff into aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) acid precipitation 
B) biological magnification 
C) greenhouse effect 
D) eutrophication 
A) acid precipitation 
B) biological magnification 
C) greenhouse effect 
D) eutrophication D

Question 3

Which of the following species was driven to extinction by overharvesting by hunters/fishermen?

Accepted Answer

A) African elephant 
B) the great auk 
C) flying foxes 
D) zebra mussels 
A) African elephant 
B) the great auk 
C) flying foxes 
D) zebra mussels B

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates human efforts to improve environmental sustainability?

Accepted Answer

A) rerouting major highways around cities to avoid traffic congestion 
B) increasing our reliance on renewable sources of energy,such as wind 
C) upgrading computers every few years to improve performance 
D) converting automobiles from gasoline to ethanol as a new fuel source 
A) rerouting major highways around cities to avoid traffic congestion 
B) increasing our reliance on renewable sources of energy,such as wind 
C) upgrading computers every few years to improve performance 
D) converting automobiles from gasoline to ethanol as a new fuel source

Question 5

Biodiversity hot spots are not necessarily the best choice for nature preserves because

Accepted Answer

A) hot spots need to be situated in remote areas not accessible to wildlife viewers. 
B) their ecological importance makes land purchase very expensive in those areas. 
C) a hot spot for one group of organisms may not be a hot spot for another group. 
D) hot spots are designated by the abiotic factors present,not the biotic factors. 
A) hot spots need to be situated in remote areas not accessible to wildlife viewers. 
B) their ecological importance makes land purchase very expensive in those areas. 
C) a hot spot for one group of organisms may not be a hot spot for another group. 
D) hot spots are designated by the abiotic factors present,not the biotic factors.

Question 6

If global warming continues at its present rate,which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)?

Accepted Answer

A) Arctic tundra and polar ice 
B) temperate broadleaf forest and grassland 
C) tropical forest and savanna 
D) tropical and temperate broadleaf forest 
A) Arctic tundra and polar ice 
B) temperate broadleaf forest and grassland 
C) tropical forest and savanna 
D) tropical and temperate broadleaf forest

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the reduction in human population growth rates over the past four decades?

Accepted Answer

A) education on global famine 
B) improved worldwide health care 
C) voluntary reduction of family size 
D) improved sanitary conditions 
E) reduction of casualties of war 
A) education on global famine 
B) improved worldwide health care 
C) voluntary reduction of family size 
D) improved sanitary conditions 
E) reduction of casualties of war

Question 8

The introduction of the brown tree snake in the 1940s to the island of Guam has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) eradication of invasive rats and other undesirable/pest species. 
B) the extinction of many of the island's bird and reptile species. 
C) a new hybrid snake species as a result of species crossbreeding. 
D) local extinction of the brown tree snake due to native competition. 
A) eradication of invasive rats and other undesirable/pest species. 
B) the extinction of many of the island's bird and reptile species. 
C) a new hybrid snake species as a result of species crossbreeding. 
D) local extinction of the brown tree snake due to native competition.

Question 9

Which of the following examples poses the greatest potential threat to biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A) replanting a single culture of native trees in a clear-cut old-growth forest 
B) allowing farmland to lie idle and begin to fill in with weeds and then shrubs 
C) lack of regulations to limit the harvesting of the medicinal plant ginseng 
D) human damming of a large river in a South American tropical rain forest 
A) replanting a single culture of native trees in a clear-cut old-growth forest 
B) allowing farmland to lie idle and begin to fill in with weeds and then shrubs 
C) lack of regulations to limit the harvesting of the medicinal plant ginseng 
D) human damming of a large river in a South American tropical rain forest

Question 10

How is habitat fragmentation related to biodiversity loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Less carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants in fragmented habitats. 
B) In smaller fragmented habitats,more soil erosion takes place. 
C) Smaller fragmented populations are more prone to extinction. 
D) Animals and plants are forced out of smaller habitat fragments. 
A) Less carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants in fragmented habitats. 
B) In smaller fragmented habitats,more soil erosion takes place. 
C) Smaller fragmented populations are more prone to extinction. 
D) Animals and plants are forced out of smaller habitat fragments.

Question 11

Relatively small geographic areas with high concentrations of endemic species and a large number of endangered and threatened species are known as

Accepted Answer

A) nature reserves. 
B) movement corridors. 
C) biodiversity hot spots. 
D) extinction vortices. 
A) nature reserves. 
B) movement corridors. 
C) biodiversity hot spots. 
D) extinction vortices.

Question 12

The scientist finds that the heavy metal concentration in the insect-eating birds of a fragment does not depend on the relative amount of edge habitat of that fragment.Which of the following describes how experimental error may have influenced the results?

Accepted Answer

A) The density of birds is higher in edge habitat compared to the density in interior habitat. 
B) The forest fragments studied were too small,and there was no true interior habitat. 
C) The insects eaten by both edge and interior birds do not differ in heavy metal concentration. 
D) Heavy metals deposited from atmospheric pollution are equal across the landscape. 
A) The density of birds is higher in edge habitat compared to the density in interior habitat. 
B) The forest fragments studied were too small,and there was no true interior habitat. 
C) The insects eaten by both edge and interior birds do not differ in heavy metal concentration. 
D) Heavy metals deposited from atmospheric pollution are equal across the landscape.

Question 13

Your friend is wary of environmentalists' claims that climate change could lead to major biological change on Earth.Which of the following statements should you use to support the biological predictions associated with climate change?

Accepted Answer

A) Studies show that atmospheric CO2 has increased over the past 150 years. 
B) CO2 levels and temperature fluctuations are directly correlated in the studies. 
C) The distribution of many organisms has already shifted as a result of warming. 
D) Sea levels will fall,displacing as much as 50% of the world's human population. 
A) Studies show that atmospheric CO2 has increased over the past 150 years. 
B) CO2 levels and temperature fluctuations are directly correlated in the studies. 
C) The distribution of many organisms has already shifted as a result of warming. 
D) Sea levels will fall,displacing as much as 50% of the world's human population.

Question 14

If the sex ratio in a population is significantly different from 50:50,then which of the following will always be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The genetic variation in the population will increase over time. 
B) The genetic variation in the population will decrease over time. 
C) The effective population size will be greater than the effective population size. 
D) The effective population size will be less than the effective population size. 
A) The genetic variation in the population will increase over time. 
B) The genetic variation in the population will decrease over time. 
C) The effective population size will be greater than the effective population size. 
D) The effective population size will be less than the effective population size.

Question 15

Suppose you attend a town meeting at which some experts tell the audience that they have performed a cost-benefit analysis of a proposed transit system that would probably reduce overall air pollution and fossil fuel consumption.The analysis,however,reveals that ticket prices will not cover the cost of operating the system when fuel,wages,and equipment are taken into account.As a biologist,you know that if ecosystem services had been included in the analysis,the experts might have arrived at a different answer.Why are ecosystem services rarely included in economic analyses?

Accepted Answer

A) People take them for granted because we generally do not pay for them. 
B) They are not worth much and would not greatly change the cost-benefit analysis. 
C) There are too many variables to include in ecosystem services,making their calculation impossible. 
D) Ecosystem services take into account only abiotic factors that affect local environments. 
A) People take them for granted because we generally do not pay for them. 
B) They are not worth much and would not greatly change the cost-benefit analysis. 
C) There are too many variables to include in ecosystem services,making their calculation impossible. 
D) Ecosystem services take into account only abiotic factors that affect local environments.

Question 16

Figure 42.3
Use the graph in Figure 43.3 and the information provided in the paragraph below to answer the following questions.
Flycatcher birds that migrate from Africa to Europe feed their nestlings a diet that is almost exclusively moth caterpillars.The graph in Figure 43.3 shows the mean (peak)dates of bird arrival,bird hatching,and caterpillar season for the years 1980 and 2000.
-The shift in the peak of caterpillar season between 1980 and 2000 is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A) pesticide use in the area. 
B) earlier flycatcher migration. 
C) global climate change. 
D) acid precipitation in Europe. 
A) pesticide use in the area. 
B) earlier flycatcher migration. 
C) global climate change. 
D) acid precipitation in Europe.

Question 17

Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity,which one is the most correct?

Accepted Answer

A) About 75% of Earth's land area is now protected. 
B) National parks are the only type of protected area. 
C) Management of a protected area is an isolated process. 
D) It is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots. 
A) About 75% of Earth's land area is now protected. 
B) National parks are the only type of protected area. 
C) Management of a protected area is an isolated process. 
D) It is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots.

Question 18

How can human-caused environmental changes create problems for selecting a site for a preserve?

Accepted Answer

A) Nutrient enrichment prevents preserves from being connected by corridors. 
B) The site's environmental conditions may change because of climate change. 
C) Global warming makes all climates less suitable for maintaining high diversity. 
D) Only lands that are not useful to human activities are available for preserves. 
A) Nutrient enrichment prevents preserves from being connected by corridors. 
B) The site's environmental conditions may change because of climate change. 
C) Global warming makes all climates less suitable for maintaining high diversity. 
D) Only lands that are not useful to human activities are available for preserves.

Question 19

The use of DDT as an insecticide in the United States has been outlawed since 1971,yet it is still a problem for certain top-level carnivores in the United States.Which of the following terms best explains this apparent incongruity?

Accepted Answer

A) habitat fragmentation 
B) biological magnification 
C) extinction vortex 
D) biological manipulation 
A) habitat fragmentation 
B) biological magnification 
C) extinction vortex 
D) biological manipulation

Question 20

The main goal of sustainable development is to

Accepted Answer

A) involve more countries in global conservation efforts. 
B) use only natural resources in new building construction. 
C) use natural resources such that they do not decline over time. 
D) reevaluate and re-implement management plans over time. 
A) involve more countries in global conservation efforts. 
B) use only natural resources in new building construction. 
C) use natural resources such that they do not decline over time. 
D) reevaluate and re-implement management plans over time.

Exam 43: Conservation Biology and Global Change

Which of the following will have the most effect on species biodiversity in the future?

What is caused by excessive nutrient runoff into aquatic ecosystems?

Which of the following species was driven to extinction by overharvesting by hunters/fishermen?

Which of the following best illustrates human efforts to improve environmental sustainability?

Biodiversity hot spots are not necessarily the best choice for nature preserves because

If global warming continues at its present rate,which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)?

Which of the following best explains the reduction in human population growth rates over the past four decades?

The introduction of the brown tree snake in the 1940s to the island of Guam has resulted in

Which of the following examples poses the greatest potential threat to biodiversity?

How is habitat fragmentation related to biodiversity loss?

Relatively small geographic areas with high concentrations of endemic species and a large number of endangered and threatened species are known as

The scientist finds that the heavy metal concentration in the insect-eating birds of a fragment does not depend on the relative amount of edge habitat of that fragment.Which of the following describes how experimental error may have influenced the results?

Your friend is wary of environmentalists' claims that climate change could lead to major biological change on Earth.Which of the following statements should you use to support the biological predictions associated with climate change?

If the sex ratio in a population is significantly different from 50:50,then which of the following will always be true?

Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity,which one is the most correct?

How can human-caused environmental changes create problems for selecting a site for a preserve?

The use of DDT as an insecticide in the United States has been outlawed since 1971,yet it is still a problem for certain top-level carnivores in the United States.Which of the following terms best explains this apparent incongruity?

The main goal of sustainable development is to

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

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