Question 1

What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a net diffusion of Na+ out of the cell. 
B) The equilibrium potential for K+ (EK)becomes more positive. 
C) The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive. 
D) The cell's inside is more negative than the outside. 
A) There is a net diffusion of Na+ out of the cell. 
B) The equilibrium potential for K+ (EK)becomes more positive. 
C) The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive. 
D) The cell's inside is more negative than the outside. C

Question 2

Figure 37.2
-Figure 37.2 shows many proteins in a neuron membrane.The first protein on the left is a sodium-potassium pump.What would happen if this protein became blocked and thus unable to function?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell's membrane potential would not change. 
B) The cell would hyperpolarize. 
C) The cell would depolarize. 
D) The potassium and sodium gradients would be eliminated. 
A) The cell's membrane potential would not change. 
B) The cell would hyperpolarize. 
C) The cell would depolarize. 
D) The potassium and sodium gradients would be eliminated. D

Question 3

In a simple synapse,neurotransmitter chemicals are received by

Accepted Answer

A) the postsynaptic dendritic membrane. 
B) the postsynaptic axon membrane. 
C) the presynaptic dendritic membrane. 
D) the presynaptic axon membrane. 
A) the postsynaptic dendritic membrane. 
B) the postsynaptic axon membrane. 
C) the presynaptic dendritic membrane. 
D) the presynaptic axon membrane. A

Question 4

ATP hydrolysis,and the binding of a phosphate to the pump,directly powers the movement of

Accepted Answer

A) K+ out of cells. 
B) Na+ out of cells. 
C) Na+into cells. 
D) Ca2+ into cells. 
E) Cl- into cells. 
A) K+ out of cells. 
B) Na+ out of cells. 
C) Na+into cells. 
D) Ca2+ into cells. 
E) Cl- into cells.

Question 5

Researchers created a genetic strain of mice that were lacking both genes for MyRF,a transcription factor that is required for oligodendrocytes to function normally.What is the most likely effect that this would have on the mice?

Accepted Answer

A) loss of salutatory conduction 
B) thicker myelin sheaths 
C) impaired ability for potassium ions to cross neuronal membranes 
D) growth of dendrites 
A) loss of salutatory conduction 
B) thicker myelin sheaths 
C) impaired ability for potassium ions to cross neuronal membranes 
D) growth of dendrites

Question 6

For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV,an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuro's cytoplasm would result in the

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization of the neuron. 
B) hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
C) replacement of potassium ions with sodium ions. 
D) replacement of potassium ions with calcium ions. 
E) neuron switching on its sodium-potassium pump to restore the initial conditions. 
A) depolarization of the neuron. 
B) hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
C) replacement of potassium ions with sodium ions. 
D) replacement of potassium ions with calcium ions. 
E) neuron switching on its sodium-potassium pump to restore the initial conditions.

Question 7

The autonomic nervous system innervates cardiac muscle,smooth muscles,and glands and is analogous to the part of the nervous system that innervates skeletal muscle.What type of neuron would innervate structures via the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) sensory neuron 
B) motor neuron 
C) interneuron 
A) sensory neuron 
B) motor neuron 
C) interneuron

Question 8

Which of the following could be an effective treatment for curare poisoning?

Accepted Answer

A) a drug that promotes acetylcholine reuptake into the presynaptic cells 
B) a drug that removes acetylcholine receptors from the postsynaptic cell 
C) a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase 
D) a drug that activates acetylcholinesterase 
A) a drug that promotes acetylcholine reuptake into the presynaptic cells 
B) a drug that removes acetylcholine receptors from the postsynaptic cell 
C) a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase 
D) a drug that activates acetylcholinesterase

Question 9

Neurotransmitters affect postsynaptic cells by (select all that apply)
I.initiating signal transduction pathways in the cells.
II.causing molecular changes in the cells.
III.affecting ion-channel proteins.
IV.altering the permeability of the cells.

Accepted Answer

A) II only 
B) I and III only 
C) II,III,and IV only 
D) I,II,and III only 
E) I,II,III,and IV 
A) II only 
B) I and III only 
C) II,III,and IV only 
D) I,II,and III only 
E) I,II,III,and IV

Question 10

A common feature of action potentials is that they

Accepted Answer

A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize. 
B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation. 
C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches threshold. 
D) move at the same speed along all axons. 
A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize. 
B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation. 
C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches threshold. 
D) move at the same speed along all axons.

Question 11

Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A) the nuclear membrane 
B) the nodes of Ranvier 
C) the postsynaptic membrane 
D) synaptic vesicle membranes 
A) the nuclear membrane 
B) the nodes of Ranvier 
C) the postsynaptic membrane 
D) synaptic vesicle membranes

Question 12

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
The Arizona bark scorpion is the most venomous scorpion in North America,and its bite will cause extensive pain to a human that lasts up to three days.However,the southern grasshopper mouse is essentially immune to the sting of this scorpion and actually eats the scorpions as prey.Researchers have recently elucidated the neuronal reason for why the southern grasshopper mouse does not feel pain from bark scorpion venom.
-The southern grasshopper mouse essentially does not feel pain when stung by the bark scorpion.What type of neuron is most likely affected in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) interneuron 
B) motor neuron 
C) sensory neuron 
D) glial cells 
A) interneuron 
B) motor neuron 
C) sensory neuron 
D) glial cells

Question 13

Receptors for neurotransmitters are of primary functional importance in assuring one-way synaptic transmission because they are mostly found on the

Accepted Answer

A) axonal membrane. 
B) axon hillock. 
C) postsynaptic dendritic membrane. 
D) presynaptic membrane. 
A) axonal membrane. 
B) axon hillock. 
C) postsynaptic dendritic membrane. 
D) presynaptic membrane.

Question 14

Somatic motor neurons are used to transmit motor signals to muscles.For example,a somatic motor neuron carries a signal from your spinal cord to your biceps brachii so that you can flex your arm at the elbow.In this example,what is the correct sequence of neuronal structures that this signal would travel through in the motor neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites,cell body,axon,axon hillock,synaptic terminals,biceps brachii 
B) dendrites,cell body,axon hillock,axon,synaptic terminals,biceps brachii 
C) axon,cell body,synaptic terminals,dendrites,axon hillock,biceps brachii 
D) synaptic terminals,dendrites,cell body,axon,axon hillock,biceps brachii 
A) dendrites,cell body,axon,axon hillock,synaptic terminals,biceps brachii 
B) dendrites,cell body,axon hillock,axon,synaptic terminals,biceps brachii 
C) axon,cell body,synaptic terminals,dendrites,axon hillock,biceps brachii 
D) synaptic terminals,dendrites,cell body,axon,axon hillock,biceps brachii

Question 15

The surface on a neuron that discharges the contents of synaptic vesicles is the

Accepted Answer

A) dendrite. 
B) axon hillock. 
C) node of Ranvier. 
D) postsynaptic membrane. 
E) presynaptic membrane. 
A) dendrite. 
B) axon hillock. 
C) node of Ranvier. 
D) postsynaptic membrane. 
E) presynaptic membrane.

Question 16

Action potentials are normally carried in only one direction: from the axon hillock toward the axon terminals.If you experimentally depolarize the middle of the axon to threshold,then

Accepted Answer

A) no action potential will be initiated. 
B) an action potential will be initiated and proceed only in the normal direction toward the axon terminal. 
C) an action potential will be initiated and proceed only back toward the axon hillock. 
D) two action potentials will be initiated,one going toward the axon terminal and one going back toward the hillock. 
E) an action potential will be initiated,but it will die out before it reaches the axon terminal. 
A) no action potential will be initiated. 
B) an action potential will be initiated and proceed only in the normal direction toward the axon terminal. 
C) an action potential will be initiated and proceed only back toward the axon hillock. 
D) two action potentials will be initiated,one going toward the axon terminal and one going back toward the hillock. 
E) an action potential will be initiated,but it will die out before it reaches the axon terminal.

Question 17

Neural transmission across a mammalian synapse is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) the movement of sodium and potassium ions from the presynaptic neuron into the postsynaptic neuron. 
B) impulses traveling as electrical currents across the synapse. 
C) impulses causing the release of a chemical signal and its diffusion across the synapse. 
D) impulses ricocheting back and forth across the synapse. 
E) the movement of calcium ions from the presynaptic into the postsynaptic neuron. 
A) the movement of sodium and potassium ions from the presynaptic neuron into the postsynaptic neuron. 
B) impulses traveling as electrical currents across the synapse. 
C) impulses causing the release of a chemical signal and its diffusion across the synapse. 
D) impulses ricocheting back and forth across the synapse. 
E) the movement of calcium ions from the presynaptic into the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 18

Figure 37.2
-Suppose you are designing a drug to prevent action potential generation in neurons without compromising the ability of a neuron to receive information.What structure in Figure 37.2 should the drug target?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

The selectivity of a particular ion channel refers to its

Accepted Answer

A) permitting passage by positive but not negative ions. 
B) permitting passage by negative but not positive ions. 
C) ability to change its size depending on the ion needing transport. 
D) binding with only one type of neurotransmitter. 
E) permitting passage only to a specific ion. 
A) permitting passage by positive but not negative ions. 
B) permitting passage by negative but not positive ions. 
C) ability to change its size depending on the ion needing transport. 
D) binding with only one type of neurotransmitter. 
E) permitting passage only to a specific ion.

Question 20

In the sequence of permeability changes for a complete action potential,the first of these events that occurs is the

Accepted Answer

A) activation of the sodium-potassium "pump." 
B) inhibition of the sodium-potassium "pump." 
C) opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. 
D) closing of voltage-gated potassium channels. 
E) opening of voltage-gated potassium channels. 
A) activation of the sodium-potassium "pump." 
B) inhibition of the sodium-potassium "pump." 
C) opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. 
D) closing of voltage-gated potassium channels. 
E) opening of voltage-gated potassium channels.

Exam 37: Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?

Figure 37.2 -Figure 37.2 shows many proteins in a neuron membrane.The first protein on the left is a sodium-potassium pump.What would happen if this protein became blocked and thus unable to function?

In a simple synapse,neurotransmitter chemicals are received by

ATP hydrolysis,and the binding of a phosphate to the pump,directly powers the movement of

Researchers created a genetic strain of mice that were lacking both genes for MyRF,a transcription factor that is required for oligodendrocytes to function normally.What is the most likely effect that this would have on the mice?

For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV,an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuro's cytoplasm would result in the

The autonomic nervous system innervates cardiac muscle,smooth muscles,and glands and is analogous to the part of the nervous system that innervates skeletal muscle.What type of neuron would innervate structures via the autonomic nervous system?

Which of the following could be an effective treatment for curare poisoning?

Neurotransmitters affect postsynaptic cells by (select all that apply) I.initiating signal transduction pathways in the cells. II.causing molecular changes in the cells. III.affecting ion-channel proteins. IV.altering the permeability of the cells.

A common feature of action potentials is that they

Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?

Receptors for neurotransmitters are of primary functional importance in assuring one-way synaptic transmission because they are mostly found on the

The surface on a neuron that discharges the contents of synaptic vesicles is the

Action potentials are normally carried in only one direction: from the axon hillock toward the axon terminals.If you experimentally depolarize the middle of the axon to threshold,then

Neural transmission across a mammalian synapse is accomplished by

Figure 37.2 -Suppose you are designing a drug to prevent action potential generation in neurons without compromising the ability of a neuron to receive information.What structure in Figure 37.2 should the drug target?

The selectivity of a particular ion channel refers to its

In the sequence of permeability changes for a complete action potential,the first of these events that occurs is the

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