Question 1

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the fruit?

Accepted Answer

A) male gametophyte 
B) female gametophyte 
C) male sporophyte 
D) female sporophyte 
A) male gametophyte 
B) female gametophyte 
C) male sporophyte 
D) female sporophyte D

Question 2

Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct varieties. 
B) Whole forests were dominated by large,seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period. 
C) The sperm are non-flagellated. 
D) The gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
A) Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct varieties. 
B) Whole forests were dominated by large,seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period. 
C) The sperm are non-flagellated. 
D) The gametophyte is the dominant generation. B

Question 3

A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte,chlorophylls a and b,and cell walls made of cellulose.In assigning this plant to a phylum,which of the following,if present,would be least useful?

Accepted Answer

A) endosperm 
B) seeds 
C) sperm that lack flagella 
D) flowers 
E) spores 
A) endosperm 
B) seeds 
C) sperm that lack flagella 
D) flowers 
E) spores E

Question 4

Immediately after karyogamy occurs,which term applies?

Accepted Answer

A) plasmogamy 
B) heterokaryotic 
C) haploid 
D) diploid 
A) plasmogamy 
B) heterokaryotic 
C) haploid 
D) diploid

Question 5

The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees pollinate orchids,which are epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants);however,orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees.These observations explain

Accepted Answer

A) the coevolution of Brazil nut trees and orchids. 
B) why Brazil nut trees do not set fruit in areas where only orchids are grown and harvested. 
C) why male orchid bees do not pollinate Brazil nut tree flowers. 
D) why male orchid bees are smaller than female orchid bees. 
E) the importance of orchid and Brazil nut tree flowers for the production of orchid bee honey. 
A) the coevolution of Brazil nut trees and orchids. 
B) why Brazil nut trees do not set fruit in areas where only orchids are grown and harvested. 
C) why male orchid bees do not pollinate Brazil nut tree flowers. 
D) why male orchid bees are smaller than female orchid bees. 
E) the importance of orchid and Brazil nut tree flowers for the production of orchid bee honey.

Question 6

The following question(s)refer to the phylogenetic trees.
  
-Which tree depicts all of the currently recognized major groups of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV

Question 7

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
In onions (Allium),cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus.
-How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 16 
D) 24 
E) 32 
A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 16 
D) 24 
E) 32

Question 8

Among the organisms listed here,which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) slime molds 
B) vascular plants 
C) animals 
D) mosses 
A) slime molds 
B) vascular plants 
C) animals 
D) mosses

Question 9

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid.This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells.What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

A) binary fission 
B) mitosis 
C) meiosis 
D) plasmogamy 
A) binary fission 
B) mitosis 
C) meiosis 
D) plasmogamy

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?

Accepted Answer

A) They acquire their nutrients by phagocytosis. 
B) Their body plan is a unicellular sphere. 
C) They have symbiotic relationships with nucleariids. 
D) They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources. 
E) They reproduce asexually by a process known as budding. 
A) They acquire their nutrients by phagocytosis. 
B) Their body plan is a unicellular sphere. 
C) They have symbiotic relationships with nucleariids. 
D) They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources. 
E) They reproduce asexually by a process known as budding.

Question 11

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Accepted Answer

A) increase of the aboveground stem 
B) increased absorption of mineral nutrients 
C) increased absorption of CO2 
D) increased number of chloroplasts in roots 
E) increased stomata production 
A) increase of the aboveground stem 
B) increased absorption of mineral nutrients 
C) increased absorption of CO2 
D) increased number of chloroplasts in roots 
E) increased stomata production

Question 12

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

Accepted Answer

A) ovule 
B) ovary 
C) fruit 
D) stamen 
A) ovule 
B) ovary 
C) fruit 
D) stamen

Question 13

A dissection of the interior of this organism's stem should reveal

Accepted Answer

A) lignified vascular tissues. 
B) a cuticle. 
C) that it is composed of only a single,elongated cell. 
D) a relatively high proportion of dead,water-filled cells. 
A) lignified vascular tissues. 
B) a cuticle. 
C) that it is composed of only a single,elongated cell. 
D) a relatively high proportion of dead,water-filled cells.

Question 14

Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations.All land plants exhibit alternation of generations.No charophytes exhibit alternation of generations.Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics,the correct interpretation of these observations is that

Accepted Answer

A) charophytes are not related to either green algae or land plants. 
B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae. 
C) alternation of generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes. 
D) land plants evolved directly from the green algae that perform alternation of generations. 
E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether or not land plants evolved from any kind of alga. 
A) charophytes are not related to either green algae or land plants. 
B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae. 
C) alternation of generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes. 
D) land plants evolved directly from the green algae that perform alternation of generations. 
E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether or not land plants evolved from any kind of alga.

Question 15

Challenges for survival of the first land plants include
I.sources of water.
II.sperm transfer.
III.desiccation.
IV.animal predation.
V.lack of structural support.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) II,III,and IV only 
D) I,II,III,and V only 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) II,III,and IV only 
D) I,II,III,and V only

Question 16

Which group is noted for the independence of gametophyte and sporophyte generations from each other?

Accepted Answer

A) ferns 
B) mosses,hornworts,and liverworts 
C) charophytes 
D) angiosperms 
E) gymnosperms 
A) ferns 
B) mosses,hornworts,and liverworts 
C) charophytes 
D) angiosperms 
E) gymnosperms

Question 17

The fact that infection by Bd causes lethargy in many infected amphibians can have what effect on efforts to accurately census the numbers of dead or dying amphibians at a particular time,in a particular habitat?
I.It can cause underestimation due to infected amphibians preferring to seek out refuges relative to uninfected amphibians.
II.It can cause underestimation due to increased predation on,and removal of,infected amphibians relative to uninfected amphibians.
III.It can cause overestimation because infected frogs should be more readily observable to human census-takers than should uninfected amphibians.

Accepted Answer

A) II only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I,II,and III 
A) II only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I,II,and III

Question 18

Capuchin monkeys have been known to use rocks to smash open the fruits of Brazil nut trees.On the rare occasions this has been observed,the monkeys consume all of the Brazil nuts.Thus,which of the following correctly depicts the relationship between capuchin monkeys and Brazil nut trees?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 19

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium,what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development,assuming that fertilization occurs?
1)sporophyte embryo
2)female gametophyte
3)egg cell
4)megaspore

Accepted Answer

A) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 
B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 
C) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3 
D) 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 
E) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
A) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 
B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 
C) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3 
D) 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 
E) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3

Question 20

Which structure protects seed plants' embryos from desiccation?

Accepted Answer

A) ovules 
B) ovaries 
C) fruits 
D) pollen grains 
E) integuments 
A) ovules 
B) ovaries 
C) fruits 
D) pollen grains 
E) integuments

Exam 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the fruit?

Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?

A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte,chlorophylls a and b,and cell walls made of cellulose.In assigning this plant to a phylum,which of the following,if present,would be least useful?

Immediately after karyogamy occurs,which term applies?

The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees pollinate orchids,which are epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants);however,orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees.These observations explain

The following question(s)refer to the phylogenetic trees. -Which tree depicts all of the currently recognized major groups of fungi?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. In onions (Allium),cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. -How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?

Among the organisms listed here,which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid.This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells.What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

A dissection of the interior of this organism's stem should reveal

Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations.All land plants exhibit alternation of generations.No charophytes exhibit alternation of generations.Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics,the correct interpretation of these observations is that

Challenges for survival of the first land plants include I.sources of water. II.sperm transfer. III.desiccation. IV.animal predation. V.lack of structural support.

Which group is noted for the independence of gametophyte and sporophyte generations from each other?

Capuchin monkeys have been known to use rocks to smash open the fruits of Brazil nut trees.On the rare occasions this has been observed,the monkeys consume all of the Brazil nuts.Thus,which of the following correctly depicts the relationship between capuchin monkeys and Brazil nut trees?

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium,what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development,assuming that fertilization occurs? 1)sporophyte embryo 2)female gametophyte 3)egg cell 4)megaspore

Which structure protects seed plants' embryos from desiccation?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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