Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

A biologist discovers the carcass of an animal that was recently partially eaten by a predator in the jungle.The animal's heart was large,well-formed,and had four chambers,with no connection between the right and left sides.A reasonable conclusion supported by these observations is that the

At the summit of a high mountain,the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg.If the atmosphere is still composed of 21% oxygen,then the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude is

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?

Valerie is a 55-year-old female who received an electrocardiogram (ECG)as part of a routine medical examination.She had the ECG performed both at rest and after running on a treadmill for 5 minutes.How would the ECG graphs differ between these two measurements?

The production of red blood cells is stimulated by

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

If a molecule of CO₂ released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose,it must pass through all of the following except

Why has natural selection favored the evolution of double circulation in birds and mammals?

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels delivering blood to the gut is a likely response when an individual is

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Mitral valve prolapse is a condition where the mitral valve (the left atrioventricular valve)does not close fully and thus allows blood to flow "backward," which may be minor or severe depending on the extent of the condition.Into what structure would blood flow immediately "backward" in a person with mitral valve prolapse?

A human red blood cell is in an artery of the left arm and is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the left thumb.To travel from the artery in the left arm to the cell in the left thumb,this red blood cell must pass through

Dialysis is a medical process used to treat patients whose kidney function is below normal.During dialysis,blood is removed from the body and filtered by an artificial membrane,and plasma and its proteins are separated from the cells.Dialysis patients,who will have blood withdrawn,dialyzed,and then replaced,are always weighed when they enter the facility and then weighed carefully again before they leave,because

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because

Hydrogen ions (protons)produced within human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering plasma pH because they bind to

An increase in blood plasma pH from 7.3 to 7.4 will cause

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and the organ where this hormone is synthesized are

Air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 20% and its overall air pressure is 500 mm Hg.What is the partial pressure of oxygen in this chamber?

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize

The semilunar valves of the mammalian heart