Question 1

Figure 2.3
-Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to those of helium (2He)?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E E

Question 2

Figure 2.3
-Which drawing in Figure 2.3 is of the electron configuration of a sodium 11Na+ ion?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E E

Question 3

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon.Compared to water molecules,molecules of H2S will

Accepted Answer

A) ionize more readily. 
B) have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S. 
C) have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
D) have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature. 
E) not form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
A) ionize more readily. 
B) have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S. 
C) have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
D) have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature. 
E) not form hydrogen bonds with each other. E

Question 4

Which of the following is the key characteristic that is ultimately responsible for the unique chemical properties of each element?

Accepted Answer

A) Each element has a unique atomic mass. 
B) Each element has a unique atomic number. 
C) Each element has a unique number of protons. 
D) Each element has a unique number of neutrons. 
A) Each element has a unique atomic mass. 
B) Each element has a unique atomic number. 
C) Each element has a unique number of protons. 
D) Each element has a unique number of neutrons.

Question 5

Figure 2.4
-Based on electron configurations,which of the elements in Figure 2.4 would exhibit a chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon (
C)  
B) hydrogen (H) 
C) nitrogen (N) 
D) sulfur (S) 
E) phosphorus (P) 
A) carbon (
C)  
B) hydrogen (H) 
C) nitrogen (N) 
D) sulfur (S) 
E) phosphorus (P)

Question 6

If the pH of a solution is decreased from pH 8 to pH 6,it means that the

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of H+ is twice (2×)what it was at pH 8. 
B) concentration of H+ is one-half (1/2)what it was at pH 8. 
C) concentration of OH- is one-half (1/2)what it was at pH 8. 
D) concentration of OH- is one-hundredth (0.01×)what it was at pH 8. 
E) concentration of H+ is 100 times greater than what it was at pH 8. 
A) concentration of H+ is twice (2×)what it was at pH 8. 
B) concentration of H+ is one-half (1/2)what it was at pH 8. 
C) concentration of OH- is one-half (1/2)what it was at pH 8. 
D) concentration of OH- is one-hundredth (0.01×)what it was at pH 8. 
E) concentration of H+ is 100 times greater than what it was at pH 8.

Question 7

The reactivity of an atom arises from

Accepted Answer

A) the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. 
B) the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. 
C) the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. 
D) the potential energy of the valence shell. 
A) the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. 
B) the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. 
C) the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. 
D) the potential energy of the valence shell.

Question 8

The atomic number of chlorine is 17.The atomic number of calcium is 20.What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride?

Accepted Answer

A) CaCl 
B) CaCl2 
C) Ca2Cl 
D) Ca2Cl2 
E) CaCl3 
A) CaCl 
B) CaCl2 
C) Ca2Cl 
D) Ca2Cl2 
E) CaCl3

Question 9

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal.If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water,what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg. )

Accepted Answer

A) 50°C 
B) 5°C 
C) 1°C 
D) 10°C 
A) 50°C 
B) 5°C 
C) 1°C 
D) 10°C

Question 10

Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass).Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen 
B) calcium 
C) iodine 
D) potassium 
E) phosphorus 
A) nitrogen 
B) calcium 
C) iodine 
D) potassium 
E) phosphorus

Question 11

How many glucose molecules are present in a 100-mL sample of a 1 M solution of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) 6.02 × 1023 
B) 3.01 × 1023 
C) 6.02 × 1024 
D) 12.04 × 1023 
E) 6.02 × 1022 
A) 6.02 × 1023 
B) 3.01 × 1023 
C) 6.02 × 1024 
D) 12.04 × 1023 
E) 6.02 × 1022

Question 12

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form ions and thus an ionic bond with each other?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 13

Which of the following molecules contains polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) H2 
B) O2 
C) CH4 
D) H2O 
A) H2 
B) O2 
C) CH4 
D) H2O

Question 14

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

Accepted Answer

A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. 
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. 
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to occupy the outer electron shells of both atoms. 
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom. 
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. 
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. 
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to occupy the outer electron shells of both atoms. 
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom.

Question 15

When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl)is placed in water,the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na+)and chloride ions (Cl-).In contrast,the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g. ,glucose,sucrose,glycerol)do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution.Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 L of 0.5 M NaCl 
B) 1 L of 0.5 M glucose 
C) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl 
D) 1 L of 1.0 M glucose 
E) 2 L of 0.5 M glucose 
A) 1 L of 0.5 M NaCl 
B) 1 L of 0.5 M glucose 
C) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl 
D) 1 L of 1.0 M glucose 
E) 2 L of 0.5 M glucose

Question 16

Which of the following dissociates completely in aqueous solution and is therefore considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

Accepted Answer

A) NaCl 
B) HCl 
C) NH3 
D) H2CO3 
E) NaOH 
A) NaCl 
B) HCl 
C) NH3 
D) H2CO3 
E) NaOH

Question 17

Argon has atomic number 18.Which of the following statements about argon is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It has 10 electrons in its outer electron shell. 
B) It is inert. 
C) It has an atomic mass of 18 daltons. 
D) It resides in the first column of the periodic table. 
A) It has 10 electrons in its outer electron shell. 
B) It is inert. 
C) It has an atomic mass of 18 daltons. 
D) It resides in the first column of the periodic table.

Question 18

A solution contains 0.0000001 (10-7)moles of hydroxyl ions (OH-)per liter.Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

A) acidic: H+ acceptor 
B) basic: H+ acceptor 
C) acidic: H+ donor 
D) basic: H+ donor 
E) neutral 
A) acidic: H+ acceptor 
B) basic: H+ acceptor 
C) acidic: H+ donor 
D) basic: H+ donor 
E) neutral

Question 19

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

Accepted Answer

A) compounds that are not soluble in water. 
B) compounds that have nonpolar covalent bonds. 
C) oxygen gas (O2)molecules. 
D) methane gas (CH4)molecules. 
E) compounds that have polar covalent bonds. 
A) compounds that are not soluble in water. 
B) compounds that have nonpolar covalent bonds. 
C) oxygen gas (O2)molecules. 
D) methane gas (CH4)molecules. 
E) compounds that have polar covalent bonds.

Question 20

In an aqueous solution,water molecules associate with one another through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds 
B) ionic bonds 
C) polar covalent bonds 
D) covalent bonds 
E) van der Waals interactions 
A) hydrogen bonds 
B) ionic bonds 
C) polar covalent bonds 
D) covalent bonds 
E) van der Waals interactions

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to those of helium (2He)?

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 is of the electron configuration of a sodium 11Na+ ion?

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon.Compared to water molecules,molecules of H2S will

Which of the following is the key characteristic that is ultimately responsible for the unique chemical properties of each element?

Figure 2.4 -Based on electron configurations,which of the elements in Figure 2.4 would exhibit a chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?

If the pH of a solution is decreased from pH 8 to pH 6,it means that the

The reactivity of an atom arises from

The atomic number of chlorine is 17.The atomic number of calcium is 20.What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride?

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal.If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water,what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg. )

Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass).Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?

How many glucose molecules are present in a 100-mL sample of a 1 M solution of glucose?

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form ions and thus an ionic bond with each other?

Which of the following molecules contains polar covalent bonds?

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

Which of the following dissociates completely in aqueous solution and is therefore considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

Argon has atomic number 18.Which of the following statements about argon is true?

A solution contains 0.0000001 (10-7)moles of hydroxyl ions (OH-)per liter.Which of the following best describes this solution?

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

In an aqueous solution,water molecules associate with one another through which of the following?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to those of helium (₂He)?

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 is of the electron configuration of a sodium ₁₁Na⁺ ion?

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon.Compared to water molecules,molecules of H₂S will

A solution contains 0.0000001 (10^-7)moles of hydroxyl ions (OH^-)per liter.Which of the following best describes this solution?