Question 1

A human who has no access to fresh water and can only drink salty seawater instead

Accepted Answer

A) will thrive under such conditions,as long as he has lived by the ocean most of his life. 
B) will excrete more water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
C) will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload. 
D) will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst. 
E) will excrete less water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
A) will thrive under such conditions,as long as he has lived by the ocean most of his life. 
B) will excrete more water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
C) will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload. 
D) will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst. 
E) will excrete less water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion ingestion. B

Question 2

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that snakes are

Accepted Answer

A) less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B) less active in winter because they do not need to avoid predators. 
C) more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D) more active in summer because they can gain body heat by conduction. 
A) less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B) less active in winter because they do not need to avoid predators. 
C) more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D) more active in summer because they can gain body heat by conduction. D

Question 3

These turtles are sitting on a log being warmed by the sun and a warm breeze.What mode(s)of heat exchange are being used to warm their bodies?

Accepted Answer

A) radiation only 
B) conduction only 
C) radiation and convection only 
D) convection and conduction only 
A) radiation only 
B) conduction only 
C) radiation and convection only 
D) convection and conduction only C

Question 4

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone.

Question 5

Examine the figure.The countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Accepted Answer

A) the temperature difference between the blood of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B) the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C) the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D) the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E) the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment. 
A) the temperature difference between the blood of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B) the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C) the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D) the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E) the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment.

Question 6

An excretory system that includes tubules and uses the process of filtration is the

Accepted Answer

A) flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B) protonephridia of flatworms. 
C) Malpighian tubules of insects. 
D) kidneys of vertebrates. 
A) flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B) protonephridia of flatworms. 
C) Malpighian tubules of insects. 
D) kidneys of vertebrates.

Question 7

Which of the following has (have)both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A) the pituitary gland 
B) parathyroid glands 
C) salivary glands 
D) the pancreas 
E) adrenal glands 
A) the pituitary gland 
B) parathyroid glands 
C) salivary glands 
D) the pancreas 
E) adrenal glands

Question 8

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome negatively affects various connective tissues in the body,including joints,heart valves,and organ walls.It is caused by defects in the production of collagen.What cell type might be affected in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) neuron 
B) fibroblast 
C) macrophage 
D) glial cell 
A) neuron 
B) fibroblast 
C) macrophage 
D) glial cell

Question 9

Suppose you drink several large glasses of orange juice at breakfast.What type of urine will you produce,and how?

Accepted Answer

A) Concentrated urine will be produced by increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). 
B) Dilute urine will be produced by increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). 
C) Concentrated urine will be produced by inhibition of ADH secretion. 
D) Dilute urine will be produced by inhibition of ADH secretion. 
A) Concentrated urine will be produced by increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). 
B) Dilute urine will be produced by increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). 
C) Concentrated urine will be produced by inhibition of ADH secretion. 
D) Dilute urine will be produced by inhibition of ADH secretion.

Question 10

The steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body because

Accepted Answer

A) only its target cells are exposed to aldosterone. 
B) only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors. 
C) aldosterone can only cross the cell membrane of target cells. 
D) aldosterone is only soluble in target cells. 
A) only its target cells are exposed to aldosterone. 
B) only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors. 
C) aldosterone can only cross the cell membrane of target cells. 
D) aldosterone is only soluble in target cells.

Question 11

What type of muscle tissue is found lining the walls of many internal organs such as blood vessels and the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle 
B) cardiac muscle 
C) smooth muscle 
D) intestinal muscle 
A) skeletal muscle 
B) cardiac muscle 
C) smooth muscle 
D) intestinal muscle

Question 12

All hormones

Accepted Answer

A) are produced by endocrine glands. 
B) are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C) are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D) are protein molecules. 
E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells. 
A) are produced by endocrine glands. 
B) are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C) are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D) are protein molecules. 
E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells.

Question 13

Researchers measure animals' oxygen consumption (VO2)as a way to quantify metabolic rate.A researcher measured the VO2 for two animals,A and B,as function of ambient temperature and collected the data shown in the figure.One of the animals was an ectotherm,and one was an endotherm.Based on these data,which animal was the endotherm,and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal A is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity. 
B) Animal A is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity. 
C) Animal B is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity. 
D) Animal B is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity. 
A) Animal A is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity. 
B) Animal A is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity. 
C) Animal B is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity. 
D) Animal B is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity.

Question 14

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

Accepted Answer

A) lungs. 
B) skeletal muscles. 
C) liver. 
D) heart. 
E) brain. 
A) lungs. 
B) skeletal muscles. 
C) liver. 
D) heart. 
E) brain.

Question 15

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Accepted Answer

A) sorts plasma proteins according to size. 
B) converts toxic ammonia to less toxic urea. 
C) maintains homeostasis of pH in body fluids. 
D) reabsorbs urea to maintain osmotic balance. 
A) sorts plasma proteins according to size. 
B) converts toxic ammonia to less toxic urea. 
C) maintains homeostasis of pH in body fluids. 
D) reabsorbs urea to maintain osmotic balance.

Question 16

Animals can lose heat,but cannot gain heat,through the process of

Accepted Answer

A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) evaporation. 
A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) evaporation.

Question 17

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Accepted Answer

A) flatworms. 
B) earthworms. 
C) insects. 
D) vertebrates. 
A) flatworms. 
B) earthworms. 
C) insects. 
D) vertebrates.

Question 18

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

Accepted Answer

A) ions. 
B) glucose. 
C) plasma proteins. 
D) amino acids. 
E) dissolved gasses. 
A) ions. 
B) glucose. 
C) plasma proteins. 
D) amino acids. 
E) dissolved gasses.

Question 19

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) formation of filtrate at an excretory structure. 
B) reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate. 
C) selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids. 
D) formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure. 
E) excretion of urine from the body. 
A) formation of filtrate at an excretory structure. 
B) reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate. 
C) selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids. 
D) formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure. 
E) excretion of urine from the body.

Question 20

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

Accepted Answer

A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C) have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface,even in direct sun. 
D) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 20°C. 
A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C) have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface,even in direct sun. 
D) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 20°C.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

A human who has no access to fresh water and can only drink salty seawater instead

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that snakes are

These turtles are sitting on a log being warmed by the sun and a warm breeze.What mode(s)of heat exchange are being used to warm their bodies?

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Examine the figure.The countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

An excretory system that includes tubules and uses the process of filtration is the

Which of the following has (have)both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome negatively affects various connective tissues in the body,including joints,heart valves,and organ walls.It is caused by defects in the production of collagen.What cell type might be affected in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Suppose you drink several large glasses of orange juice at breakfast.What type of urine will you produce,and how?

The steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body because

What type of muscle tissue is found lining the walls of many internal organs such as blood vessels and the digestive tract?

All hormones

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Animals can lose heat,but cannot gain heat,through the process of

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters