Question 1

What interactions exist between cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite and the termite?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/- A

Question 2

In a particular case of secondary succession,three species of wild grass invaded a field.A fourth species's seeds were also dispersed to this field,but despite being adapted to the abiotic conditions,this fourth species did not establish.A possible factor in this secondary succession was

Accepted Answer

A) equilibrium. 
B) facilitation. 
C) immigration. 
D) inhibition. 
E) parasitism. 
A) equilibrium. 
B) facilitation. 
C) immigration. 
D) inhibition. 
E) parasitism. D

Question 3

Which of the following is the most reasonable example of cryptic coloration?

Accepted Answer

A) a coral snake with red,yellow,and black contrasting bands living in a desert area 
B) various species of birch trees with white or yellow bark rooted near a river's edge 
C) a butterfly with dark orange and black vein patterned wings living in a wetland 
D) a black-and-yellow-striped bumblebee living in a garden among tomato plants 
E) a brownish twig-like bug living in a forest on the small branches of a willow tree 
A) a coral snake with red,yellow,and black contrasting bands living in a desert area 
B) various species of birch trees with white or yellow bark rooted near a river's edge 
C) a butterfly with dark orange and black vein patterned wings living in a wetland 
D) a black-and-yellow-striped bumblebee living in a garden among tomato plants 
E) a brownish twig-like bug living in a forest on the small branches of a willow tree E

Question 4

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

Accepted Answer

A) secondary succession. 
B) ecological niche. 
C) species richness. 
D) trophic structure. 
A) secondary succession. 
B) ecological niche. 
C) species richness. 
D) trophic structure.

Question 5

Why do tropical communities tend to have greater species diversity than temperate or polar communities?

Accepted Answer

A) Tropical communities are less likely to be affected by human disturbance. 
B) There are fewer parasites to negatively affect the health of tropical communities. 
C) The tropics are lower in altitude as compared to temperate and polar regions. 
D) Tropical communities are generally older than temperate and polar communities. 
E) Competitive dominant species have evolved in temperate and polar communities. 
A) Tropical communities are less likely to be affected by human disturbance. 
B) There are fewer parasites to negatively affect the health of tropical communities. 
C) The tropics are lower in altitude as compared to temperate and polar regions. 
D) Tropical communities are generally older than temperate and polar communities. 
E) Competitive dominant species have evolved in temperate and polar communities.

Question 6

Which of the following most correctly describes the principle of relative abundance?

Accepted Answer

A) the variety of different types of organisms in a community 
B) the quantity of different species found in a community 
C) the proportion of each individual species within a community 
D) the relative abundance is the same as the Shannon Diversity Index 
A) the variety of different types of organisms in a community 
B) the quantity of different species found in a community 
C) the proportion of each individual species within a community 
D) the relative abundance is the same as the Shannon Diversity Index

Question 7

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland,as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles,to answer the following question(s).
   Figure 41.4
-Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 8

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland,as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles,to answer the following question(s).
   Figure 41.4
-Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 9

Which of the following most correctly represents biomanipulation through the top-down model?

Accepted Answer

A) removal of secondary consumers,so that tertiary consumers can increase 
B) addition of primary producers,so that secondary consumers can increase 
C) addition of quaternary consumers,so that tertiary consumers can decrease 
D) removal of tertiary consumers,so that secondary consumers can increase 
A) removal of secondary consumers,so that tertiary consumers can increase 
B) addition of primary producers,so that secondary consumers can increase 
C) addition of quaternary consumers,so that tertiary consumers can decrease 
D) removal of tertiary consumers,so that secondary consumers can increase

Question 10

Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees.They obtain nutrients and water from the vascular tissues of the trees.The trees derive no known benefits from the dwarf mistletoes and can be harmed if nutrients and water are scarce in the environment.Which of the following best describes the interactions between dwarf mistletoes and trees?

Accepted Answer

A) mutualism 
B) parasitism 
C) commensalism 
D) facilitation 
E) competition 
A) mutualism 
B) parasitism 
C) commensalism 
D) facilitation 
E) competition

Question 11

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

Accepted Answer

A) limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount 
B) influence of temperature on competition among plants 
C) influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grasses versus wildflowers 
D) effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity 
A) limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount 
B) influence of temperature on competition among plants 
C) influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grasses versus wildflowers 
D) effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the consequences of white-band disease in Caribbean coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

A) The population of staghorn coral has been decimated,but elkhorn coral has replaced it. 
B) The coral reef community for lobsters,snappers,and other reef fish species has improved. 
C) Fish herbivores have populated the area in response to increased algal population growth. 
D) Increased populations of algal species have led to an overall increase in reef diversity. 
E) Many other coral species have repopulated the habitats of the affected staghorn species. 
A) The population of staghorn coral has been decimated,but elkhorn coral has replaced it. 
B) The coral reef community for lobsters,snappers,and other reef fish species has improved. 
C) Fish herbivores have populated the area in response to increased algal population growth. 
D) Increased populations of algal species have led to an overall increase in reef diversity. 
E) Many other coral species have repopulated the habitats of the affected staghorn species.

Question 13

What interactions exist between a tick on a dog and the dog?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/-

Question 14

Species richness increases

Accepted Answer

A) in latitudinal gradients with decreased evapotranspiration. 
B) as we travel southward from the North Pole to the equator. 
C) on small islands as distance from the mainland increases. 
D) in communities experiencing frequent disturbance events. 
A) in latitudinal gradients with decreased evapotranspiration. 
B) as we travel southward from the North Pole to the equator. 
C) on small islands as distance from the mainland increases. 
D) in communities experiencing frequent disturbance events.

Question 15

According to top-down control model of community organization,which of the following expressions correctly represents a decrease in prey/secondary consumer (P)as a result of an increase in a predator/tertiary consumer (T),but not vice versa?

Accepted Answer

A) P ← T 
B) P → T 
C) T ↔ P 
D) T → P 
E) T ← P 
A) P ← T 
B) P → T 
C) T ↔ P 
D) T → P 
E) T ← P

Question 16

What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack if they utilize the same food sources?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/-

Question 17

In a tide pool,15 species of invertebrates were reduced to 8 after one species was removed.The species removed was likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) invasive species. 
B) keystone species. 
C) foundational species. 
D) quaternary consumer. 
E) tertiary consumer. 
A) invasive species. 
B) keystone species. 
C) foundational species. 
D) quaternary consumer. 
E) tertiary consumer.

Question 18

What interactions exist between mycorrhizae (root fungus)and evergreen tree roots?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/0 
C) +/- 
D) 0/0 
E) -/-

Question 19

Which statement best describes the evolutionary significance of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A) Mutualism offers more biodiversity to a community through positive interaction. 
B) Individuals partaking in a mutualistic relationship are more resistant to parasites. 
C) Interaction increases the survival and reproductive rates of mutualistic species. 
D) Mutualistic interaction lessens competition in communities where it is present. 
E) Mutualistic relationships allow organisms to synthesize and use energy efficiently. 
A) Mutualism offers more biodiversity to a community through positive interaction. 
B) Individuals partaking in a mutualistic relationship are more resistant to parasites. 
C) Interaction increases the survival and reproductive rates of mutualistic species. 
D) Mutualistic interaction lessens competition in communities where it is present. 
E) Mutualistic relationships allow organisms to synthesize and use energy efficiently.

Question 20

Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in community diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) Moderate levels of disturbance open up new habitats for less competitive species. 
B) Dominant competitors increase in population at the exclusion of other species. 
C) Environmental conditions are optimal after a disturbance,so native species thrive. 
D) The resulting uniform habitat supports stability,which in turn supports diversity. 
E) Less-competitive species evolve strategies to compete with the dominant species. 
A) Moderate levels of disturbance open up new habitats for less competitive species. 
B) Dominant competitors increase in population at the exclusion of other species. 
C) Environmental conditions are optimal after a disturbance,so native species thrive. 
D) The resulting uniform habitat supports stability,which in turn supports diversity. 
E) Less-competitive species evolve strategies to compete with the dominant species.

Exam 41: Ecological Communities

What interactions exist between cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite and the termite?

In a particular case of secondary succession,three species of wild grass invaded a field.A fourth species's seeds were also dispersed to this field,but despite being adapted to the abiotic conditions,this fourth species did not establish.A possible factor in this secondary succession was

Which of the following is the most reasonable example of cryptic coloration?

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

Why do tropical communities tend to have greater species diversity than temperate or polar communities?

Which of the following most correctly describes the principle of relative abundance?

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland,as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles,to answer the following question(s). Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland,as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles,to answer the following question(s). Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Which of the following most correctly represents biomanipulation through the top-down model?

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

Which of the following best describes the consequences of white-band disease in Caribbean coral reefs?

What interactions exist between a tick on a dog and the dog?

Species richness increases

According to top-down control model of community organization,which of the following expressions correctly represents a decrease in prey/secondary consumer (P)as a result of an increase in a predator/tertiary consumer (T),but not vice versa?

What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack if they utilize the same food sources?

In a tide pool,15 species of invertebrates were reduced to 8 after one species was removed.The species removed was likely a(n)

What interactions exist between mycorrhizae (root fungus)and evergreen tree roots?

Which statement best describes the evolutionary significance of mutualism?

Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in community diversity?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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