Question 1

Figure 39.2
The most energetically efficient locomotion per unit mass is likely

Accepted Answer

A) running by a 50-gram mouse. 
B) running by a 40-kg horse. 
C) flying by a 4-g hummingbird. 
D) swimming by a 10-g stickleback (bony fish). 
E) swimming by a 100-kg shark. 
A) running by a 50-gram mouse. 
B) running by a 40-kg horse. 
C) flying by a 4-g hummingbird. 
D) swimming by a 10-g stickleback (bony fish). 
E) swimming by a 100-kg shark. E

Question 2

A human baby performs a sucking behavior perfectly when it is put in the presence of the nipple of its mother's breast.What form of animal behavior is this?

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning 
B) innate behavior 
C) imprinting 
D) altruistic behavior 
E) agonistic behavior 
A) associative learning 
B) innate behavior 
C) imprinting 
D) altruistic behavior 
E) agonistic behavior B

Question 3

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring.What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) migration 
C) imprinting 
D) associative learning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) migration 
C) imprinting 
D) associative learning A

Question 4

Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents.This strategy is no longer used because

Accepted Answer

A) fostered whooping crane chicks did not develop the necessary cues for migration. 
B) the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers." 
C) sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation. 
D) none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane. 
E) sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs. 
A) fostered whooping crane chicks did not develop the necessary cues for migration. 
B) the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers." 
C) sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation. 
D) none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane. 
E) sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs.

Question 5

Teo suffered a simple fracture (when the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin)of the bone that forms a ball and socket joint with his pelvis.What bone did Teo break?

Accepted Answer

A) humerus 
B) femur 
C) tibia 
D) sternum 
A) humerus 
B) femur 
C) tibia 
D) sternum

Question 6

A mother goat can recognize its own kid by smell.What form of animal behavior is this?

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning 
B) innate behavior 
C) imprinting 
D) altruistic behavior 
E) agonistic behavior 
A) associative learning 
B) innate behavior 
C) imprinting 
D) altruistic behavior 
E) agonistic behavior

Question 7

What bones unite to form the knee joint in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) femur and fibula only 
B) femur and tibia only 
C) tibia and fibula only 
D) tibia,fibula,and femur 
A) femur and fibula only 
B) femur and tibia only 
C) tibia and fibula only 
D) tibia,fibula,and femur

Question 8

The mating system in which females are more ornamented than males is

Accepted Answer

A) monogamy. 
B) promiscuity. 
C) polygamy. 
D) polygyny. 
E) polyandry. 
A) monogamy. 
B) promiscuity. 
C) polygamy. 
D) polygyny. 
E) polyandry.

Question 9

In which form of locomotion is friction the greatest impediment to moving?

Accepted Answer

A) running 
B) hopping 
C) swimming 
D) flying 
A) running 
B) hopping 
C) swimming 
D) flying

Question 10

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment,but behavior is ultimately shaped by

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) evolution. 
C) mating rituals. 
D) pheromones. 
A) hormones. 
B) evolution. 
C) mating rituals. 
D) pheromones.

Question 11

Suppose a squirrel hides some acorns in the ground in preparation for winter.After a heavy snowfall,the squirrel is able to find the acorns even though their location is hidden.What type of learning did the squirrel use to remember where the acorns were stored?

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting 
B) spatial learning 
C) associative learning 
D) problem solving 
A) imprinting 
B) spatial learning 
C) associative learning 
D) problem solving

Question 12

Suppose the rectus femoris,one of the quadriceps muscles in your anterior thigh,has been deprived of ATP.Rectus femoris will

Accepted Answer

A) immediately relax. 
B) release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C) enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D) fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigor." 
E) sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A) immediately relax. 
B) release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C) enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D) fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigor." 
E) sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 13

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places.Male cats are attracted to the urine deposits.Which of the following is a proximate cause of this increased urination?

Accepted Answer

A) It announces to the males that she is in heat. 
B) Female cats that did this in the past attracted more males. 
C) It is a result of hormonal changes associated with her reproductive cycle. 
D) The female cat learned the behavior from observing other cats. 
A) It announces to the males that she is in heat. 
B) Female cats that did this in the past attracted more males. 
C) It is a result of hormonal changes associated with her reproductive cycle. 
D) The female cat learned the behavior from observing other cats.

Question 14

Animal communication involves what type(s)of sensory information?

Accepted Answer

A) visual only 
B) auditory only 
C) olfactory only 
D) tactile only 
E) visual,auditory,olfactory,and tactile 
A) visual only 
B) auditory only 
C) olfactory only 
D) tactile only 
E) visual,auditory,olfactory,and tactile

Question 15

Which of the following examples describes a behavioral pattern that results from a proximate cause?

Accepted Answer

A) A cat kills a mouse to obtain nutrition. 
B) A male sheep fights with another male because it helps to improve its social position. 
C) A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day. 
D) A goose squats and freezes motionless to escape a predator. 
E) A cockroach runs into a crack in the wall and avoids being stepped on. 
A) A cat kills a mouse to obtain nutrition. 
B) A male sheep fights with another male because it helps to improve its social position. 
C) A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day. 
D) A goose squats and freezes motionless to escape a predator. 
E) A cockroach runs into a crack in the wall and avoids being stepped on.

Question 16

An example of a ball-and-socket joint in the human skeleton is found between

Accepted Answer

A) the radius and the ulna. 
B) the radius and the metacarpals. 
C) the ulna and the humerus. 
D) the humerus and the scapula. 
E) the femur and the tibia. 
A) the radius and the ulna. 
B) the radius and the metacarpals. 
C) the ulna and the humerus. 
D) the humerus and the scapula. 
E) the femur and the tibia.

Question 17

According to Hamilton's rule,

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist. 
B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the recipient,corrected for relatedness,exceeds the cost to the altruist. 
C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling. 
D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals. 
A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist. 
B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the recipient,corrected for relatedness,exceeds the cost to the altruist. 
C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling. 
D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals.

Question 18

The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection,a theory maintaining that

Accepted Answer

A) aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals. 
B) genes enhance the survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes. 
C) companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other. 
D) critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen,like other traits,through natural selection. 
E) natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants. 
A) aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals. 
B) genes enhance the survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes. 
C) companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other. 
D) critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen,like other traits,through natural selection. 
E) natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the certainty of paternity is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Young or eggs laid by a female are likely to contain the same genes as another female's eggs in a population of birds. 
B) The certainty of paternity is high in most species with internal fertilization because the acts of mating and birth are separated by time. 
C) Males that guard females they have mated with are certain of their paternity. 
D) The certainty of paternity is low when egg laying and mating occur together,as in external fertilization. 
E) Paternal behavior exists because it has been reinforced over generations by natural selection. 
A) Young or eggs laid by a female are likely to contain the same genes as another female's eggs in a population of birds. 
B) The certainty of paternity is high in most species with internal fertilization because the acts of mating and birth are separated by time. 
C) Males that guard females they have mated with are certain of their paternity. 
D) The certainty of paternity is low when egg laying and mating occur together,as in external fertilization. 
E) Paternal behavior exists because it has been reinforced over generations by natural selection.

Question 20

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places.Male cats congregate near the urine deposits and fight with each other.Which of the following would be an ultimate cause of the male cats' response to the female's urinating behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) The males have learned to recognize the specific odor of the urine of a female in heat. 
B) When the males smelled the odor,various neurons in their brains were stimulated. 
C) Responding to the odor means locating reproductively receptive females. 
D) Male cats' hormones are triggered by the odor released by the female. 
E) The odor serves as a releaser for the instinctive behavior of the males. 
A) The males have learned to recognize the specific odor of the urine of a female in heat. 
B) When the males smelled the odor,various neurons in their brains were stimulated. 
C) Responding to the odor means locating reproductively receptive females. 
D) Male cats' hormones are triggered by the odor released by the female. 
E) The odor serves as a releaser for the instinctive behavior of the males.

Exam 39: Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Figure 39.2 The most energetically efficient locomotion per unit mass is likely

A human baby performs a sucking behavior perfectly when it is put in the presence of the nipple of its mother's breast.What form of animal behavior is this?

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring.What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation?

Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents.This strategy is no longer used because

Teo suffered a simple fracture (when the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin)of the bone that forms a ball and socket joint with his pelvis.What bone did Teo break?

A mother goat can recognize its own kid by smell.What form of animal behavior is this?

What bones unite to form the knee joint in humans?

The mating system in which females are more ornamented than males is

In which form of locomotion is friction the greatest impediment to moving?

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment,but behavior is ultimately shaped by

Suppose a squirrel hides some acorns in the ground in preparation for winter.After a heavy snowfall,the squirrel is able to find the acorns even though their location is hidden.What type of learning did the squirrel use to remember where the acorns were stored?

Suppose the rectus femoris,one of the quadriceps muscles in your anterior thigh,has been deprived of ATP.Rectus femoris will

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places.Male cats are attracted to the urine deposits.Which of the following is a proximate cause of this increased urination?

Animal communication involves what type(s)of sensory information?

Which of the following examples describes a behavioral pattern that results from a proximate cause?

An example of a ball-and-socket joint in the human skeleton is found between

According to Hamilton's rule,

The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection,a theory maintaining that

Which of the following statements about the certainty of paternity is true?

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places.Male cats congregate near the urine deposits and fight with each other.Which of the following would be an ultimate cause of the male cats' response to the female's urinating behavior?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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