Question 1

Suppose that a mosquito has been internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus.What will help protect it from the infection?

Accepted Answer

A) its plasma cells 
B) its immunoglobulins 
C) its antibodies 
D) its antimicrobial peptides 
E) its B cells 
A) its plasma cells 
B) its immunoglobulins 
C) its antibodies 
D) its antimicrobial peptides 
E) its B cells D

Question 2

There is a mutation such that mast cells cannot produce and secrete histamine.Which of the following outcomes is most likely to happen if an injury to the skin occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrophages will not be able to secrete cytokines. 
B) Neutrophils will not be attracted to the injury site. 
C) Neutrophils will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. 
D) Macrophages will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. 
A) Macrophages will not be able to secrete cytokines. 
B) Neutrophils will not be attracted to the injury site. 
C) Neutrophils will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. 
D) Macrophages will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. C

Question 3

The cell-mediated immunity that destroys virally infected cells involves

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells. 
B) natural killer cells. 
C) helper T cells. 
D) macrophages. 
E) B cells. 
A) cytotoxic T cells. 
B) natural killer cells. 
C) helper T cells. 
D) macrophages. 
E) B cells. A

Question 4

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) cell-mediated immune response. 
B) acquired immunity. 
C) adaptive immunity. 
D) innate immunity. 
A) cell-mediated immune response. 
B) acquired immunity. 
C) adaptive immunity. 
D) innate immunity.

Question 5

Suppose there is a phagocytic cell in which the pH inside the lysosome is significantly higher than normal.What outcome regarding phagocytosis is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Phagocytosis will be able to proceed normally. 
B) Pathogens will able to be broken down but not released from the cell. 
C) Pathogens will not be able to enter the cell. 
D) Pathogens will be able to enter the cell but will not be able to be broken down. 
A) Phagocytosis will be able to proceed normally. 
B) Pathogens will able to be broken down but not released from the cell. 
C) Pathogens will not be able to enter the cell. 
D) Pathogens will be able to enter the cell but will not be able to be broken down.

Question 6

All cells have protein markers on their membranes,and the Rh antigen is found in the membranes of red blood cells.If a person possesses the Rh antigen on his or her red blood cells,it is indicated with a + sign.If a person does not possess the Rh antigen,it is indicated with a - sign.A,B,and O refer to the ABO blood groups.Data are given in the table for three different pairs of mothers and fetuses.   In which case(s)would giving the mother anti-Rh antibodies before delivering her baby be a wise precaution?

Accepted Answer

A) case 1 only 
B) case 3 only 
C) cases 1 and 2 only 
D) cases 1,2,and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given. 
A) case 1 only 
B) case 3 only 
C) cases 1 and 2 only 
D) cases 1,2,and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given.

Question 7

Septic shock,a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure,is a response to

Accepted Answer

A) certain bacterial infections. 
B) specific forms of viruses. 
C) the presence of natural killer cells. 
D) a fever of > 103°F in adults. 
E) increased production of neutrophils. 
A) certain bacterial infections. 
B) specific forms of viruses. 
C) the presence of natural killer cells. 
D) a fever of > 103°F in adults. 
E) increased production of neutrophils.

Question 8

B cells that interact with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when

Accepted Answer

A) B cells produce antibodies. 
B) B cells release cytokines. 
C) helper T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface. 
D) helper T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. 
E) helper T cells release cytokines. 
A) B cells produce antibodies. 
B) B cells release cytokines. 
C) helper T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface. 
D) helper T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. 
E) helper T cells release cytokines.

Question 9

Antihistamine treatment reduces

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessel dilation. 
B) phagocytosis of antigens. 
C) MHC presentation by macrophages. 
D) the secondary immune response. 
E) clonal selection by antigens. 
A) blood vessel dilation. 
B) phagocytosis of antigens. 
C) MHC presentation by macrophages. 
D) the secondary immune response. 
E) clonal selection by antigens.

Question 10

A systemic inflammatory response that is often life-threatening is

Accepted Answer

A) mild fever. 
B) aches and dull pain. 
C) septic shock. 
D) high blood pressure. 
E) increased white blood cell count. 
A) mild fever. 
B) aches and dull pain. 
C) septic shock. 
D) high blood pressure. 
E) increased white blood cell count.

Question 11

Innate immunity

Accepted Answer

A) is activated immediately upon infection. 
B) depends on a newly infected animal's previous exposure to the same pathogen. 
C) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens. 
D) is found only in vertebrate animals. 
E) utilizes highly specific antigen receptors on B cells. 
A) is activated immediately upon infection. 
B) depends on a newly infected animal's previous exposure to the same pathogen. 
C) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens. 
D) is found only in vertebrate animals. 
E) utilizes highly specific antigen receptors on B cells.

Question 12

A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely

Accepted Answer

A) lack class I MHC molecules on cell surfaces. 
B) lack humoral immunity. 
C) be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors. 
D) be unable to produce mature T cells. 
E) have a reduced number of B cells and be unable to form antibodies. 
A) lack class I MHC molecules on cell surfaces. 
B) lack humoral immunity. 
C) be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors. 
D) be unable to produce mature T cells. 
E) have a reduced number of B cells and be unable to form antibodies.

Question 13

Salmonella are a genus of pathogenic bacteria that can cause infections through the gastrointestinal tract.How could Salmonella poisoning be initiated if a human were to ingest these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) The bacteria survive the acidic environment of the stomach and resist lysosomal degradation in macrophages. 
B) There is a delay in selection of the population of eosinophils that recognize and fight these bacteria. 
C) The bacteria release chemical messengers that make them resistant to phagocytosis. 
D) The combination of foods eaten at a meal increases the pH of the stomach sufficiently so that ingested bacteria are not destroyed. 
A) The bacteria survive the acidic environment of the stomach and resist lysosomal degradation in macrophages. 
B) There is a delay in selection of the population of eosinophils that recognize and fight these bacteria. 
C) The bacteria release chemical messengers that make them resistant to phagocytosis. 
D) The combination of foods eaten at a meal increases the pH of the stomach sufficiently so that ingested bacteria are not destroyed.

Question 14

An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) the tail 
B) heavy-chain constant regions only 
C) variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D) light-chain constant regions only 
A) the tail 
B) heavy-chain constant regions only 
C) variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D) light-chain constant regions only

Question 15

A patient who undergoes a high level of histamine release,dilation of blood vessels,and an acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

A) an autoimmune disease. 
B) a typical allergy that can be treated by antihistamines. 
C) an organ transplant,such as a skin graft. 
D) the effect of exhaustion on the immune system. 
E) anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen. 
A) an autoimmune disease. 
B) a typical allergy that can be treated by antihistamines. 
C) an organ transplant,such as a skin graft. 
D) the effect of exhaustion on the immune system. 
E) anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen.

Question 16

Which cell type is incorrectly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cell-kills infected host cells 
B) helper T cell-activates innate immune responses 
C) plasma cell-produces antibodies 
D) memory cell-gives rise to effector cells 
A) cytotoxic T cell-kills infected host cells 
B) helper T cell-activates innate immune responses 
C) plasma cell-produces antibodies 
D) memory cell-gives rise to effector cells

Question 17

Light chains of immunoglobulin (Ig)molecules C and V are made up of what regions?

Accepted Answer

A) one C region and one V region 
B) three C regions and one V region 
C) two C regions and two V regions 
D) two C regions and one V region 
A) one C region and one V region 
B) three C regions and one V region 
C) two C regions and two V regions 
D) two C regions and one V region

Question 18

Which type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is fed by nursing and ends when nursing ends?

Accepted Answer

A) innate immunity 
B) passive immunity 
C) cell-mediated immunity 
D) adaptive immunity 
A) innate immunity 
B) passive immunity 
C) cell-mediated immunity 
D) adaptive immunity

Question 19

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by

Accepted Answer

A) the mucous membranes that cover their surface. 
B) the secretion of complement proteins. 
C) the release of slightly alkaline secretions. 
D) the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces. 
E) interferons produced by immune cells. 
A) the mucous membranes that cover their surface. 
B) the secretion of complement proteins. 
C) the release of slightly alkaline secretions. 
D) the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces. 
E) interferons produced by immune cells.

Question 20

Suppose a B cell is unable to perform alternative splicing.What consequence will this have in regards to the immune response of the B cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The B cell will produce fewer cytokines. 
B) The B cell will make a limited number of antigen receptors. 
C) The B cell will not be able to engulf pathogenic bacteria. 
D) The B cell will not be able to produce any antibodies at all. 
A) The B cell will produce fewer cytokines. 
B) The B cell will make a limited number of antigen receptors. 
C) The B cell will not be able to engulf pathogenic bacteria. 
D) The B cell will not be able to produce any antibodies at all.

Exam 35: The Immune System

Suppose that a mosquito has been internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus.What will help protect it from the infection?

There is a mutation such that mast cells cannot produce and secrete histamine.Which of the following outcomes is most likely to happen if an injury to the skin occurs?

The cell-mediated immunity that destroys virally infected cells involves

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

Suppose there is a phagocytic cell in which the pH inside the lysosome is significantly higher than normal.What outcome regarding phagocytosis is most likely to occur?

Septic shock,a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure,is a response to

B cells that interact with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when

Antihistamine treatment reduces

A systemic inflammatory response that is often life-threatening is

Innate immunity

A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely

Salmonella are a genus of pathogenic bacteria that can cause infections through the gastrointestinal tract.How could Salmonella poisoning be initiated if a human were to ingest these bacteria?

An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

A patient who undergoes a high level of histamine release,dilation of blood vessels,and an acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from

Which cell type is incorrectly matched with its function?

Light chains of immunoglobulin (Ig)molecules C and V are made up of what regions?

Which type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is fed by nursing and ends when nursing ends?

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by

Suppose a B cell is unable to perform alternative splicing.What consequence will this have in regards to the immune response of the B cell?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

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